[Cytogenetic status of children in the hygienic assessment of the air pollution by odorous substances].

For the first time the impact of odorous emissions from the enterprise for the production of chewing gum on the cytogenetic status of children, residing in the distance of 0,9 and 6 km, was studied. Specific weak mint and fruity odour in the air in the placement of the enterprise may be related to the presence of menthol, menthone, pinene, limonene, ethyl acetate and other compounds containing in the emissions. There were no differences in cytogenetic status of children in both groups (by frequency of micronuclei, protrusions, binucleated cells, apoptosis).

[Modernization of production as criterion for reducing of sanitary protection zone].

The complex hygienic assessment of a large enterprise of chemical profile as a source of the chemical and physical effects on the environment and human health has been given. Modernization of the production with the introduction of modern technologies, effective gas- powered dust collector units was found to permit to reduce emissions by 20%, diminish the levels of atmospheric air pollution to the normative values, health risks--to acceptable. According to the research after the reconstruction of the plant the possibility to move it from 1 to 2 danger class with reduction in size of sanitary protection zones in 2 times (from 1000 to 500 m).

[Rationale for differentiated sanitary protection zones for battery recycling enterprises in modern conditions].

In the paper there is presented the rationale for differentiated sanitary protective zones in the present conditions both of the increase of volumes of production and introduction of various technological solutions on the example of battery recycling enterprise. It is established that the in acting regulations the classification of enterprises recycling of non-ferrous metals, fails to take into account such the hazard risks criteria of the enterprise, as volume of emissions of priority substances, the height of their arrival in the atmosphere, etc., and also does not take into account increased significantly in the current time processing volumes. The results of the performed research allowed to offer new positions in the classification of production of secondary lead from used batteries (I to IV class), depending on the volume of production (from 20 000 to 160 000 tons per year), the amount of emissions of lead (0.2 to 1, 6 tons per year) and release height (15 to 60 m).

[Evaluation of physical exposures of motor transport during hygienic examination of design materials to establish the size of a sanitary break].

The paper presents the results of assessing the conformity of building, reconstruction, and highway maintenance with the standards, by establishing the size of a sanitary break during examination of design materials in case of the Saint Petersburg ring road, the West high-speed diameter, E-18 Scandinavia, surface high-speed line passenger railway routes in Saint Petersburg, etc.

[Development of hygienic bases for air protection in the areas of industrial enterprises: results and prospects].

The paper presents the results of developments of the scientific principles in ambient air protection in Russia and outlines the prospects of their further development. The problems associated with ambient air hygiene can be solved when public and privately owned enterprises take an active part and financially support.

[Significance of major factors forming the demographic setting].

The time course of changes in ambient air pollution was hygienically estimated, socioeconomic factors (n = 31) and level of health care delivery (20 factors) were studied in selected towns (a city numbering over million dwellers, a large industrial center, and an average numbered administrative town). The factors forming the population's health were stratified in score, by taking into account the weighting factors (Delhi's method) in relation to the values of an administrative town, which were taken as 1 (one). The authors are the first to show that in industrial centers, natural health losses are chiefly determined by the influence of polluted ambient air (3.4 and 2.3 scores versus 1.0 score in the administrative town). There were virtually no differences in socioeconomic conditions (1.1 and 1.0 score). The quality of health care provision is higher in the million-numbered city (1.6 scores) and in large town (1.2 scores). The specific contribution of factors to the demographic setting was defined under specific conditions.

[Complex characterization of the influence of environmental factors and social conditions on population health].

The study determined the overall contribution of atmospheric air pollution and socioeconomic and other factors on population health, as well as the role of medical providence in the lowering of population morbidity. The study shows that different individual factors of medical providence have different effects on medicodemographic situation. Also different is the significance of various characteristics of socioeconomic conditions. The results demonstrate that the contribution of air pollutants and their mixtures into male and female mortality in various age groups is different and depends on the cause of death and pathogenetic peculiarities of the action of the components.

[Man-made environmental air pollution and children's health]. / Antropogennoe zagriaznenie atmosfernogo vozdukha i sostoianie zdorov'ia detskovo naseleniia.

Ambient air pollution and morbidity were studied by the visits of children under 7 years to a doctor. A total of 950 children living in the areas that are notable for the level and pattern of ambient air pollution were examined. The greater pollution of development lands is, the higher general morbidity and childhood morbidity of respiratory nervous, sensory, skin, and subcutaneous fat diseases are. Ambient air chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons may cause a high incidence of biliary and hepatic diseases and chlorinated hydrocarbons in children. Equations have been derived to predict childhood morbidity due to the level and pattern of air pollution.

[Role of risk factors in the development of chronic digestive system diseases in children]. / Rol' faktorov riska v formirovanii khronicheskikh zabolevanii organov pishchevareniia u detei.

The spread, patterns, and risk factors of alimentary diseases were examined in children residing in areas of petroleum-refining, petrochemical, and chemical industries. A total of 4816 children aged 3 to 14 years who lived in Ufa areas differing in the level and nature of ambient air pollution were examined. Those living in the poorer ecological areas (high total pollution and levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, and phenol) had more commonly gastroenterological diseases with prevailing hepatobiliary disorders in the pattern of diseases. The specific features of the diseases in these children are earlier onset, more frequent recurrences, more prolonged exacerbations involving other organs and systems than in those living in more favourable areas.

[The effect of atmospheric pollution in petroleum refining, petrochemical and chemical regions on population mortality]. / Vliianie zagriazneniia atmosfernogo vozdukha v regionakh neftepererabotki, neftekhimii, khimii na smertnost' naseleniia.

The composition of ambient air pollution in the towns having petrochemical and other chemical enterprises in 1979-1996 was studied. Hydrocarbons were prevalent in the air of these towns. Air pollution causes a greater neoplasm mortality among males and a higher incidence of respiratory and digestive diseases.