[The effect of the implantation of the human apo A-I gene on the function of the hepatocyte plasma membrane in rats]. / Vliianie implantatsii gena apoAI cheloveka na sostoianie plazmaticheskoi membrany gepatotsitov krys.

Evidences are given that implantation of human apo A-I gene to experimental animals induces essential changes in the functional state of hepatocyte plasmatic phospholipid composition, hyperpolarization development, as well as changes in the Na, K-ATPase and adenylate cyclase activities. The presence of generalized cell reaction is evidenced from the fact than biosynthesis of summary proteins gets enhanced during the above changes.

[High density lipoproteins in the blood of rats of varying age]. / Lipoproteiny vysokoi plotnosti v krovi krys raznogo vozrasta.

The study revealed age-related changes in the content and ratio of apoproteins which are part of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as the development of dysapolipoproteinemia. The most significant fall (by 46.7%) was found in the content of the key HDL apoprotein--apoA1, and rise (by 107%)--in apoE. The development of dysapolipoproteinemia was accompanied by changes in the lipid composition of HDL and their subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3). HDLs were enriched by cholesterol and its esters. HDL cholesterol/apoA1 ratio increased twice, while the content of phospholipids decreased.

Effect of transfer of human ApoA1 gene on development of dyslipoproteinemias in rats: Age peculiarities.

Transfer of human ApoA1 gene within the molecular construction which provides its expression, to the liver of the adult and aged rats resulted in the appearance of human protein in their blood, and was accompanied by changes in the content of high-density lipoproteins and of their subclasses HDL(3) and HDL(2), as well as by the shifts in their protein and lipid composition. Synthesis of human ApoA1 was more marked in the organism of adult rats, and gene-regulatory shifts in aged rats.

[Characteristics of lipid composition and properties of the synaptic membranes of the cerebral cortex of rats of various ages]. / Osobennosti lipidnogo sostava i svoistv sinapticheskikh membran kory golovnogo mozga krys raznogo vozrasta.

The content of cholesterol, total and individual phospholipids, fatty acid composition, level of lipid peroxidation, as well as viscosity of lipid phase of synaptic membranes isolated from the cerebral cortex were estimated in experiments on adult and old male rats. The content of cholesterol and cholesterol phospholipids ratio were found to increase with age. The total content of phospholipids remained unchanged during ageing, while their composition varied. An increase in the content of minor forms of phospholipids, i.e. phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol, in the sphingomyelin/phosphatidyl ethanolamine ratio and, especially, in the content of lysophosphatidylcholine was found in old vs adult rats. No age-related changes were found in the viscosity of the lipid phase of synaptic membranes with purene used as a fluorescent probe.

[Lipid composition and properties of plasma membranes in aging and certain types of experimental pathology]. / Lipidnyi sostav i svoistva plazmaticheskikh membran pri starenii i nekotorykh vidakh éksperimental'noi patologii.

To study the age-related relationship between the membrane status and activity of membrane-linked enzymes, the physicochemical properties of plasma membranes and activity of transfer ATPase and adenylate cyclase were assessed in tissues of rats of different ages. The lipid matrix of membranes was found to undergo appropriate changes with age. The most significant shifts are manifested under functional and metabolic stresses. It has been demonstrated that the shifts in the regulated activity of the studied enzymes are induced by changes in membrane interactions. The findings suggest predominantly the membrane mechanisms that determine the insufficiency of adaptation mechanisms in old age.

[Lipid peroxidation and the life span of Drosophila melanogaster]. / Perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i prodolzhitel'nost' zhizni u drozofil Drosophila melanogaster.

Studies have been made on the relationship between incubation temperature (20-30 degrees C) of D. melanogaster and the life span as well as the content of various products of lipid peroxidation. It was shown that the increase in the environmental temperature results in the decrease in the life span, the content of unsaturated fatty acids and conjugated hydroxyperoxids; ketodienic content increases. Strong correlation was observed between the life span and the content of peroxidation products. As it is indicated by coefficients of bifactorial linear regression with interaction, conjugated hydroperoxids and ketodiens exert negative influence on the life span. Their combined effect on the life span is less significant than the sum of their separate effects, which indicates the existence of common "canals" of their influences on the life span.

Effect of enterosorption on animal lifespan.

Experiments were performed on Wistar male rats, starting from the 28th month of age. The effect of dietary sorbent (non coated nitrogen-containing carbon administered as 10 day courses at 1 month intervals in dosage of 10 ml/kg) on lifespan and a number of biological indices were studied. Enterosorption resulted in the increase of mean and maximal lifespan by 43 and 34% respectively. Analysis of the effect of enterosorption on activity of microsomal enzymes, intensity of total RNA and protein biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, formation of free radicals etc. showed that it produced a positive influence on the functional state of the studied systems and increased the organism's adaptive capacities. Enterosorption was found to delay the rate of onset of age-related structural changes in the organs and tissues.

Membrane potential of cells and its regulation during aging. 1. Report: the role of energetic metabolism and plasma membrane phospholipid contents.

Age-dependent changes in the polarization of the plasma membranes (PM) of various cell types and the mechanisms responsible for its regulation were studied in the experiments on the adult (6-8 months) and old (28-32 months) Wistar male rats. The relationship was found between the specificity of cellular function and the pattern of changes in resting potential (RP) and action potential (AP). In senility, changes occur in the ratio of different pathways of energy provision of the ionic transport: the contribution made by enzymic reactions to the mechanism of maintenance of the PM polarization level is diminished. Changes in the PM phospholipid composition influences considerably the character of the PM electric reactions in aging. An anti-oxidant, dibunol (butilated hydroxytoluene, BHT) has appeared to restore many reactions of the cellular PM in the old animals.

Membrane potential of cells and its regulation during aging. 2. Report: the effect of hormones on the level of the cellular plasma membrane polarization.

Age-dependent changes in the polarization of plasma membranes (PM) of various cell types and the mechanisms responsible for its regulation were studied in the experiments on the adult (6-8 and old (28-32 months) Wistar male rats. It was found that the effect of the hormones on the PM polarization level is altered during aging. This being related to shifts in the number and affinity of the hormonal receptors, energetic processes and protein synthesis in the cell.

[Incorporation of radioactive phosphorus into creatine phosphate of the rabbit myocardium in experimental coronary insufficiency]. / Vkliuchenie radioaktivnogo fosfora v kreatinfosfat miokarda krolikov v usloviiakh éksperimental'noi koronarnoi nedostatochnosti.

It is shown that under conditions of experimental limitation of coronary blood flow in rabbits the intensity of radioactive label (32P) incorporation into creatine phosphate lowers essentially. This evidences for inhibition of creatine phosphorylation in mitochondria under ischemia due to a decrease in the activity of a mitochondrial isoenzyme of creatine kinase.

Enterosorption in prolonging old animal lifespan.

The effect of repeated courses of enterosorption upon the mean and maximal lifespan and some functional and metabolic indices was determined in 28-month-old Wistar rats. Significant increase of mean and maximal lifespan of old rats was noted at certain regimens of enterosorption. The experimental animals demonstrated less marked age-related structural and ultrastructural changes in the liver, kidneys, myocardium, intestines, pancreas, as compared with control animals. Enterosorption leads to a reduction of pentobarbital-induced sleep, decrease of content of cytochrome P-450, blood cholesterol and triglycerides, cardiac and cerebral tissue cholesterol, total lipids, liver cholesterol and triglycerides. Enterosorption was found to increase the RNA and protein biosynthesis in the liver, kidneys and adrenals of old animals.