ABSTRACT
Introduction: The term « adenoid facies ¼ suggests a causal relationship between nasopharyngeal obstruction and facial hyperdivergence in growing subjects. The strength of this association is controversial and few « quantified ¼ values exist. Materials and methods: A rapid electronic search was conducted on PubMed and Embase to find the main cephalometric studies involving patients with nasal/nasopharyngeal obstruction compared to a control sample. A meta-analysis was carried out to quantify the effect of obstruction (1) and intervention to relieve the obstruction (2) on mandibular divergence (SN/Pmand angle), maxillo-mandibular divergence (PP/Pmand angle), inclination of the occlusal plane (SN/Poccl) and the gonial angle (ArGoMe). Results: Qualitatively, the studies' bias level ranged from moderate to high. Results were concordant about the significant effect of the obstruction on facial divergence (1) with an increase in SN/Pmand (+3.6° on average, +4.1° in children <6 years), PP/Pmand (+5.4° on average, +7.7° <6 years), ArGoMe (+3.3°) and SN/Pocc (+1.9°). Surgical interventions to remove the respiratory obstacle in children (2) generally did not normalize the direction of growth, with the exception, with a very low level of evidence, of adenoidectomies/adeno-tonsillectomies, performed at an age less than 6-8 years. Conclusion: Early detection of respiratory obstacles and postural abnormalities associated with oral breathing appears to be decisive in order to hope for management at a young age and normalization of the direction of growth. However, the effects on mandibular divergence remain limited, requiring caution, and cannot be considered a surgical indication.
Introduction: Le terme « faciès adénoïdien ¼ suggère une relation de causalité entre l'obstruction nasopharyngée et l'hyperdivergence chez le sujet en croissance. La force de cette association est controversée et peu de valeurs « chiffrées ¼ existent. Matériels et méthodes: Une recherche électronique rapide a été menée sur PubMed et Embase pour retrouver les principales études céphalométriques impliquant des patients avec obstruction nasale/nasopharyngée comparés à une population témoin. Une métanalyse a été réalisée pour quantifier l'effet de l'obstruction (1) et de la désobstruction (2) sur la divergence mandibulaire (angle SN/Pmand), la divergence maxillo-mandibulaire (angle PP/Pmand), l'inclinaison du plan occlusal (SN/Poccl) et l'angle goniaque (ArGoMe). Résultats: Qualitativement, le niveau de biais des études allait de modéré à élevé. Les résultats étaient concordants sur l'effet significatif de l'obstruction sur la divergence faciale (1) avec une augmentation de SN/Pmand (+3,6° en moyenne, +4,1° chez les enfants < 6 ans), PP/Pmand (+5,4° en moyenne, +7,7° < 6 ans), ArGoMe (+3,3°) et SN/Pocc (+1,9°). Les interventions chirurgicales pour lever l'obstacle respiratoire chez l'enfant (2) ne permettaient généralement pas une normalisation de la direction de croissance, à l'exception, avec un très faible niveau de preuve, des adénoïdectomies/adéno-amygdalectomies, réalisées à un âge inférieur à 6-8 ans. Conclusion: Le dépistage précoce des obstacles respiratoires et des anomalies posturales associées à la ventilation orale apparaît déterminant pour espérer une prise en charge en jeune âge et une normalisation de la direction de croissance. Les effets sur la divergence mandibulaire restent cependant limités, imposant la prudence et ne constituant pas une indication chirurgicale.
Subject(s)
Face , Nasal Obstruction , Child , Humans , Nose , Nasopharynx/surgery , Mandible/surgery , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Cephalometry/methodsABSTRACT
The rise of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has changed the face of dentistry over the past decade. 3D printing is a versatile technique that allows the fabrication of fully automated, tailor-made treatment plans, thereby delivering personalized dental devices and aids to the patients. It is highly efficient, reproducible, and provides fast and accurate results in an affordable manner. With persistent efforts among dentists for refining their practice, dental clinics are now acclimatizing from conventional treatment methods to a fully digital workflow to treat their patients. Apart from its clinical success, 3D printing techniques are now employed in developing haptic simulators, precise models for dental education, including patient awareness. In this narrative review, we discuss the evolution and current trends in 3D printing applications among various areas of dentistry. We aim to focus on the process of the digital workflow used in the clinical diagnosis of different dental conditions and how they are transferred from laboratories to clinics. A brief outlook on the most recent manufacturing methods of 3D printed objects and their current and future implications are also discussed.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a systematic review, including both a qualitative synthesis and a meta-analysis, to synthesize the evidence from the epidemiological literature on the association between F. nucleatum detection in the colon/rectum and CRC. METHODS: A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(R), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, EBM Reviews-Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL Plus with Full Text was conducted using earliest inclusive dates up to 4 October 2020. Eligible studies were original, comparative observational studies that reported results on colorectal F. nucleatum detection and CRC. Two independent reviewers extracted the relevant information. Odds ratio (OR) estimates were pooled across studies using the random effects model. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to critically appraise study quality. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were included in the systematic review, of which 12 were included in the meta-analysis. Studies investigated F. nucleatum in feces, colorectal tissue samples, or both. In most studies included in the systematic review, the load of F. nucleatum was higher, on average, in specimens from CRC patients than in those from CRC-free controls. Meta-analysis showed a positive association between F. nucleatum detection in colorectal specimens and CRC (OR = 8.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.2 to 13.0). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review suggest that F. nucleatum in the colon/rectum is associated with CRC. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on July 10, 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Feces , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Humans , Mucous Membrane , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Biomimetic materials for hard and soft tissues have advanced in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in dentistry. To examine these recent advances, we searched Medline (OVID) with the key terms "biomimetics", "biomaterials", and "biomimicry" combined with MeSH terms for "dentistry" and limited the date of publication between 2010-2020. Over 500 articles were obtained under clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, metanalysis, and systematic reviews developed in the past 10 years in three major areas of dentistry: restorative, orofacial surgery, and periodontics. Clinical studies and systematic reviews along with hand-searched preclinical studies as potential therapies have been included. They support the proof-of-concept that novel treatments are in the pipeline towards ground-breaking clinical therapies for orofacial bone regeneration, tooth regeneration, repair of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissue engineering, and dental implants. Biomimicry enhances the clinical outcomes and calls for an interdisciplinary approach integrating medicine, bioengineering, biotechnology, and computational sciences to advance the current research to clinics. We conclude that dentistry has come a long way apropos of regenerative medicine; still, there are vast avenues to endeavour, seeking inspiration from other facets in biomedical research.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite a considerable amount of epidemiological research for identification of risk factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer, the current understanding of the etiology of this disease remains rather poor. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon in colorectal carcinogenesis. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the epidemiological evidence on the association between infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon and colorectal cancer. METHODS: This systematic review will include observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) in humans in which the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in the etiology of colorectal cancer was investigated. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched using a comprehensive search strategy and manual screening of references. Two reviewers will independently identify eligible studies and extract the data from the included studies. The quality of studies will be assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models will be used to estimate pooled measures of association (where feasible). Meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. The Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement will be followed for reporting. DISCUSSION: Deepening knowledge regarding the etiology of colorectal cancer and the potential implications of Fusobacterium nucleatum in this disease is instrumental for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this often-fatal disease. This review will produce summarized current evidence on this topic. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 10 July 2018 (registration number CRD42018095866).
