[Serum selenium and dilated cardiomyopathy in Cotonou, Benin]. / Sélénium plasmatique et cardiomyopathie dilatée à Cotonou (Bénin).

PURPOSE: Peripartum cardiac failure is common in savannah-Sahelian Africa. It is due to a form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) known as peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) that results from undetermined causes. Numerous risk factors have been identified and dietary selenium deficiency has been proposed as a possibility. The purpose of this study was to measure serum selenium levels in patients presenting cardiac insufficiency due to PPCM and DCM (nonpostpartum) in Cotonou, Benin and to compare patients with healthy postpartum women with comparable or identical obstetric features. METHODS: Measurements of selenium status were performed in 10 women (mean age, 27.1 years) with PPCM, 18 patients of both sexes (male/female, 11/7; mean age, 38.9 years) with DCM (non-peripartum), and 46 healthy recent post partum women (mean age, 29.8 years). The Wilcoxon nonparametric test was used for data analysis with a statistical significance level at a p-value <0.05. RESULTS: Mean serum selenium values were near similar in patients presenting PPCM and DCM (non peripartum): 94 +/- 12 microg/L versus 97 +/- 19 microg/L respectively. This difference was not significant. No value was less than 72 microg/L. Conversely significantly lower mean values were observed in the 46 healthy recent postpartum women: 76 +/- 13 microg/L (p = 0.0002). The lowest value was 57 microg/L. CONCLUSION: Serum selenium measurements in Cotonou showed that levels were higher in patients presenting PPCM or DCM (nonperipartum) than in healthy controls. Extremely low values were never observed. These results differed from those obtained in Bamako, Mali and in Niamey, Niger and argue against considering selenium deficiency as a risk factor for development of DCM (peripartum or not) in Cotonou.

Selenium plasmatique et cardiomyopathie dilatée à Cotonou (Bénin)

RÉSUMÉ â€¢ Objectifs. L'insuffisance cardiaque péripartum, fréquente en Afrique soudano-sahélienne, est liée à une cardiomyopathie dilatée (CMD) de cause inconnue appelée cardiomyopathie du péripartum (CMPP). Parmi les facteurs de risque identifiés, la carence alimentaire en sélénium est discutée. Le but de ce travail est d'évaluer le taux de sélénium plasmatique de patientes en insuffisance cardiaque par CMD, péripartum ou non, à Cotonou (République du Bénin)et de le comparer à celui de parturientes en bonne santé à statut obstétrical proche ou identique. Méthodologie. Afin de préciser le statut en sélénium à Cotonou les auteurs ont dosé le sélénium plasmatique chez 10 béninoises(âge moyen = 27,1 ans) atteintes de CMPP, chez 18 patients/es atteints/es de CMD (11 femmes,7 hommes, âge moyen = 38,9 ans) et chez 46 béninoises « témoins » en bonne santé ayant accouché récemment (âge moyen = 29,8 ans). Le test de Wilcoxon (non paramétrique) a été utilisé pour la comparaison statistique avec un seuil < 0,05. Résultat. Les valeurs de sélénémie sont très proches (94 ± 12 µg/L et 97 ± 19 µg/L), avec des différences non significatives, dans les 2 groupes de patients/es porteuses de CMPP ou de CMD.Aucune valeur n'est inférieure à 72 µg/L. Les valeurs sont par contre significativement plus basses(76 ± 13 µg/L, P = 0,0002) chez les 46 témoins, accouchées récentes en bonne santé, la valeur la plus basse étant à 57 µg/L. Conclusion. Les sélénémies des malades, porteuses de CMPP ou de CMD, sont plus élevées que celles des patientes du groupe témoins en bonne santé à Cotonou. Il n'existe aucune valeur très basse (< 40 µg/L), qu'il s'agisse des malades ou des témoins. Ces résultats, différents de ceux observés dans des études antérieures à Bamako (République du Mali) et surtout à Niamey (République du Niger), vont à l'encontre de l'hypothèse d'un déficit en sélénium à l'origine des CMD, péripartum ou non, à Cotonou

[Atypical venous thrombosis and protein S deficiency: report of a case]. / Thromboses veineuses atypiques multiples révélatrices d'un déficit en protéine S: a propos d'un cas.

A 29 year old man is admitted for hypovemic shock and abdominal pain. This critical condition was due to a diffuse mesenteric venous thrombosis and intestinal infarction. Five meters of small bowel are resected. Few days later a superficial brachial venous thromboembolism grows to superior cava venous and bilateral pulmonary embolism. A plasmatic protein S level was 17%. This deficiency is considered to be the support of these atypical extended and repetitive venous thromboembolism. With an optimal nutrition and long oral anticoagulation this patient is alive 17 months after his admission.

[Recurring pulmonary embolism despite the presence of a vena cava filter: a case report from the CNHU Cotonou-Benin]. / Embolie pulmonaire récidivante malgré la présence d'un filtre cave définitif: á propos d'un cas observé au CNHU de Cotonou-Bénin.

A 50-year-old man presents several clinical signs of pulmonary embolism, but this diagnosis was excluded due to the lack of venous thrombosis of the lower limbs and because the presence of a vena cava filter. The same signs reoccurred a few months later, leading to the diagnosis of venous thrombosis of the lower limbs with severe successive pulmonary embolism. This clinical case illustrates the potentially incomplete efficacy of vena cava filters for the prevention of pulmonary embolism.

[Epidemiology of chronic obstructive arterial disease of the lower limbs and diabetic patients at the University Hospital of Cotonou (Benin)]. / Epidémiologie de l'artériopathie chronique oblitérante des membres inférieurs chez le diabétique au CHU de Cotonou (Bénin).

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of chronic obstructive arterial disease of the lower limbs and to identify the factors which contribute to its occurrence in a population of adult African francophone diabetics. This was a prospective study which included all consenting diabetics systematically over a 6 month period at the out patient clinic or during hospital admission. Patients with incomplete data were excluded. An ankle systolic pressure index of less than 0.9 was required for the diagnosis of obstructive arterial disease. Demographic parameters, the characteristics of the diabetes, the quality of blood sugar control, the presence of classical cardiovascular risk factors and the results of their treatment, the nature and distribution of the arterial lesions on ultrasonography were all studied. A univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis of their correspondences were undertaken to determine the correlation coefficients. The prevalence of arterial disease of the lower limbs in the 102 diabetics retained for the study (average age 53 years) was 33.3%. The arterial disease was distal in 47% of cases and diffuse in 26.5% of cases. The arterial wall was calcified in 19.6% of cases. In univariate analysis only age was correlated with arterial disease (p = 0.04), the duration of diabetes tended to be related (p = 0.07). In multi-factorial analysis of Correspondences with other factors, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and multiple cardiovascular risk factors seemed to be correlated with arterial disease of the lower limbs. Therefore, arterial disease of the lower limbs is very common and an early complication of diabetic patients in Benin. Predisposing factors were age and, probably, duration of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and multiple cardiovascular risk factors.