ABSTRACT
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing public health problem causing a significant amount of disability and mortality in Nigeria. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common complications associated with DM. However, studies on the prevalence of MSDs and their associated factors are limited in Nigeria, particularly in the northwest region. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDs and their associated factors among individuals with DM in northwest, Nigeria. Material and methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of medical case records of all consecutive patients with DM attending a diabetic clinic in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria was conducted between February 2015 and September 2021. Data on sociodemographic and clinical variables was collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Results: Four hundred eighty-nine cases (170 men [34.8%], 319 females [65.2%]; mean age: 51.4 ±12.3 years) were analysed. The majority of the participants had type 2 DM (96.7%), with a mean DM duration of 7.02 ±5.05 years. The overall prevalence of MSDs was 32.7%, with the highest prevalence found for lumbosacral spondylosis (11%) followed by knee osteoarthritis (8.4%). Among the different potential predictors examined, only duration of DM was significantly associated with overall MSDs (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.04-2.98; p = 0.035) whereas both duration of DM (AOR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.19-5.89; p = 0.018) and body mass index (AOR: 7.461, 95% CI: 1.33-43.8; p = 0.023) were significantly associated with lumbosacral spondylosis. Conclusions: Approximately one-third of the study participants had MSDs, with lumbosacral spondylosis being the most frequently occurring disorder. Being obese and having a longer duration of DM were associated with MSDs. Clinicians in Nigeria need to pay attention to MSDs and related factors in DM patients by conducting routine assessments and implementing early treatment.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Motor Activity Log (MAL) into Hausa Language. METHOD: Forward and backward translations of the questionnaire were done by independent language experts who are fluent in Hausa and English language respectively. The experts reviewed the translation process according to Beaton's guidelines. The psychometric properties of the final version were assessed using 68 stroke survivors. RESULTS: There was large (r = 0.932 for AOU, and 0.921 for QOU) and significant (p < 0.01) concurrent validity between the Hausa and English versions of MAL. The questionnaire has excellent and significant (p < 0.001) internal consistency between its individual items (r = 0.97 for AOU, and 0.93 for QOU), intra-rater (r = 0.98 for AOU, and 0.97 for QOU) and inter-rater reliability, (r = 0.806 for AOU and 0.789 QOU). For the unidimensionality, the infit and outfit mean square and standardized fit statistics values for the AOU subscales were (0.99, Z= -0.2) and (1.03, Z = 0.2) respectively; while for the QOU, they were (0.98, Z= -0.5) and (1.04, Z= -0.2) respectively. CONCLUSION: Hausa version of MAL is valid and reliable at assessing real world arm use in stroke survivors.Implications for rehabilitationThe world is shifting towards Evidence Based Practice in the rehabilitation of conditions such as stroke.This entails selecting research backed treatment modalities, and tracking their efficacy using reputable outcome measures.However, these measures need to be valid for the particular population, culture or context.Consequently, the Hausa version of Motor activity log (MAL) can be used to assess real world arm use in stroke survivors who speak Hausa language.
