Prediction of COVID-19 growth and trend using machine learning approach.

The Covid-19 Corona Virus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, has wreaked havoc around the world, and the condition is only getting worse. It is a pandemic disease spreading from person-to-person every day. Therefore, it is important to keep track the number of patients being affected. The current system gives the computerized data in a collective way which is very difficult to analyze and predict the growth of disease in a particular area and in the world. Machine learning algorithms can be used to successfully map the disease and its progression to solve this problem. Machine Learning, a branch of computer science, is critical in correctly distinguishing patients with the condition by analyzing their chest X-ray photographs. Supervised Machine learning models with associated algorithms (like LR, SVR and Time series algorithms) to analyze data for regression and classification helps in training the model to predict the number of total number of global confirmed cases who will be prone to the disease in the upcoming days. In this proposed work, the overall dataset of the world is being collected, preprocessed and the number of confirmed cases up to a particular date are extracted which is given as the training set to the model. The model is being trained by supervised machine learning algorithms to predict the growth of cases in the upcoming days. The experimental setup with the above mentioned algorithms shows that Time series Holt's model outperforms Linear Regression and Support Vector Regression algorithms.

Healthy ageing: the natural consequences of good nutrition-a conference report.

Many countries are witnessing a marked increase in longevity and with this increased lifespan and the desire for healthy ageing, many, however, suffer from the opposite including mental and physical deterioration, lost productivity and quality of life, and increased medical costs. While adequate nutrition is fundamental for good health, it remains unclear what impact various dietary interventions may have on prolonging good quality of life. Studies which span age, geography and income all suggest that access to quality foods, host immunity and response to inflammation/infections, impaired senses (i.e., sight, taste, smell) or mobility are all factors which can limit intake or increase the body's need for specific micronutrients. New clinical studies of healthy ageing are needed and quantitative biomarkers are an essential component, particularly tools which can measure improvements in physiological integrity throughout life, thought to be a primary contributor to a long and productive life (a healthy "lifespan"). A framework for progress has recently been proposed in a WHO report which takes a broad, person-centered focus on healthy ageing, emphasizing the need to better understand an individual's intrinsic capacity, their functional abilities at various life stages, and the impact by mental, and physical health, and the environments they inhabit.

Healthy life expectancy in 191 countries, 1999.

We describe here the methods used to produce the first estimates of healthy life expectancy (DALE) for 191 countries in 1999. These were based on estimates of the incidence, prevalence, and disability distributions for 109 disease and injury causes by age group, sex, and region of the world, and an analysis of 60 representative health surveys across the world. We used Sullivan's method to compute healthy life expectancy for men and women in each WHO member country. Japan had the highest average healthy life expectancy of 74.5 years at birth in 1999. The bottom ten countries are all in sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV-AIDS epidemic is most prevalent, resulting in DALE at birth of less than 35 years. Years of healthy life lost due to disability represent 18% of total life expectancy in the bottom countries, and decreases to around 8% in the countries with the highest healthy life expectancies. Globally, the male-female gap is lower for DALE than for total life expectancy. Healthy life expectancy increases across countries at a faster rate than total life expectancy, suggesting that reductions in mortality are accompanied by reductions in disability. Although women live longer, they spend a greater amount of time with disability. As average levels of health expenditure per capita increase, healthy life expectancy increases at a greater rate than total life expectancy.

Measuring reproductive health: review of community-based approaches to assessing morbidity.

This article begins by reviewing selected past approaches to estimating the prevalence of a range of morbidities through the use of household or community-based interview surveys in developed and developing countries. Subsequently, it reviews epidemiological studies that have used a range of methods to estimate the prevalence of reproductive morbidities. A detailed review of recent community or hospital based health interview validation studies that compare self-reported, clinical and laboratory measures is presented. Studies from Bangladesh, Bolivia, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Philippines and Turkey provide empirical evidence that self-reported morbidity and observed morbidity measure different phenomena and therefore different aspects of reproductive health and illness. Rather than estimating the prevalence of morbidity, interview-based surveys may provide useful information about the disability or burden associated with reproductive health and illness.

Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: women's perceptions and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia.

This community-based study presents the results of 17 focus-group discussions primarily among poor married women of reproductive age in urban and rural Cambodia regarding their experiences with modern contraceptive methods and their preferences for different technical attributes, including effectiveness, mode of administration, secrecy and rapid return of fertility. Key findings indicate that women who use modern contraceptive technologies desire highly effective methods of birth control. Cambodian women are primarily interested in longer-acting methods, view weight gain positively and are less concerned about a rapid return to fertility upon discontinuation of a method or secrecy from their partners. Women report a high level of side-effects as well as a high level of individual variation between side-effects and each modern contraceptive method used. Women with more knowledge and experience of modern contraceptive technologies alter their preference for highly effective methods based on a method's perceived suitability. Specifically, women may switch from a modern method associated with negative side-effects to a lesser effective traditional method, either to take a break from unwanted side-effects or discontinue modern methods altogether, if another suitable method is unavailable. These and other findings point to the need for greater development and choice of contraceptive methods with different technical attributes; improved information that clearly and simply describes how each method works within a women's body and its expected side-effects; improved access to reproductive health services; and improved assessment of women's underlying burden of reproductive illness not directly associated with modern contraceptives.

Determination of lead in drinking waters by hydride generation and atomic-absorption spectroscopy, and three other methods.

Simultaneous presence of copper and nickel in potable waters interferes with the determination of lead at trace levels by the hydride-atomic-absorption spectrophotometric method. This interference is eliminated by co-precipitating lead with manganese dioxide from acidic solution. The precipitate is dissolved in 0.85% nitric acid and analysed by the automated hydride-atomic-absorption method. This method has been applied to 22 representative water samples and results compared with those obtained by using differential pulse anodic-stripping voltammetry, flame atomic-absorption and graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The precision of the three methods is reported and their accuracy checked by the analysis of reference standard water samples. The sensitivity of the three methods is of the order of 1 mug/l., compared to 100 mug/l. for flame atomic-absorption. The merits of each method are discussed.