Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the whole plant of Cleome viscosa and evaluation of their characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.

The current research is to develop an easy and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of three different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (1mMCvAgNPs, 2mMCvAgNPs and 3mMCvAgNPs) using aqueous whole plant extract of Cleome viscosa and to evaluate their antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. CvAgNPs were characterized by Using UV-vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The formation of CvAgNPs was confirmed by the observation of band between 250 nm to 600 nm UV-vis spectrum. The crystalline structure of CvAgNPs with a face-centered cubic (FCC) was confirmed by XRD. The responsible phytochemicals for the reduction and capping material of CvAgNPs were observed with FT-IR. The SEM analysis confirmed the size and shapes of CvAgNPs. The CvAgNPs have shown the rich content of total phenolic and total flavonoid components. The CvAgNPs have shown significant antibacterial activity on multi drug resistance Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and also have shown significant strong antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 scavenging, Phosphomolybdenum assay and reducing power). The inhibitory action of CvAgNPs on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than the inhibitory action of acarbose. To best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt on the synthesis of AgNPs using C. viscosa whole plant aqueous extract. The synthesized CvAgNPs exhibited good antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Hence, to validate our results, the in vivo studies at the molecular level are needed to develop Cleome viscosa as an antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic agent.

Effect of abiotic and biotic stress factors analysis using machine learning methods in zebrafish.

In order to understand the mechanisms underlying stress responses, meta-analysis of transcriptome is made to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their biological, molecular and cellular mechanisms in response to stressors. The present study is aimed at identifying the effect of abiotic and biotic stress factors, and it is found that several stress responsive genes are common for both abiotic and biotic stress factors in zebrafish. The meta-analysis of micro-array studies revealed that almost 4.7% i.e., 108 common DEGs are differentially regulated between abiotic and biotic stresses. This shows that there is a global coordination and fine-tuning of gene regulation in response to these two types of challenges. We also performed dimension reduction methods, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis which are able to segregate abiotic and biotic stresses into separate entities. The supervised machine learning model, recursive-support vector machine, could classify abiotic and biotic stresses with 100% accuracy using a subset of DEGs. Beside these methods, the random forests decision tree model classified five out of 8 stress conditions with high accuracy. Finally, Functional enrichment analysis revealed the different gene ontology terms, transcription factors and miRNAs factors in the regulation of stress responses.

Regulation of cardiac oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Pimpinella tirupatiensis tuberous root.

Plants with antidiabetic activities provide important source for the development of new drugs in the management of diabetes mellitus. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract (AE) of Pimpinella tirupatiensis (Pt) tuberous root on cardiac oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single administration of STZ (40 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p). AE (750 mg/kg/b.w./day) and glibenclamide (GLB) (20 mg/kg/b.w./day) were administrated orally by intra oral gastric tube for 30 days. After 4 weeks of hyperglycaemia the enzymatic and non-enzymatic factors were measured in cardiac tissue of diabetic and control groups. Xanthine oxidase activity (XOD), Uric acid (UA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly (p<0.01) elevated by 48, 48 and 50% respectively and the contents of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA) were significantly (p<0.01) diminished by 45 and 42% respectively in diabetic rats when compared to normal. Treatment with AE and GLB normalized the content of UA, GSH, AA, MDA and the activity of XOD. No significant changes were observed in control rats treated with AE. This data suggests that hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress in the heart, but the oxidative stress defense mechanisms in the heart tissue are fairly efficacious against oxidative injury by the treatment with AE and GLB. The present study reveals that AE may provide a useful therapeutic option in the reversal of oxidative stress induced cardiac dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.