Nanomedicine facilitated cell signaling blockade: difficulties and strategies to overcome glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive and lethal type of brain tumor with complex and diverse molecular signaling pathways involved that are in its development and progression. Despite numerous attempts to develop effective treatments, the survival rate remains low. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of these pathways can aid in the development of targeted therapies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Nanomedicines have shown potential in targeting and blocking signaling pathways involved in glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can be engineered to specifically target tumor sites, bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and release drugs over an extended period. However, current nanomedicine strategies also face limitations, including poor stability, toxicity, and low therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, novel and advanced nanomedicine-based strategies must be developed for enhanced drug delivery. In this review, we highlight risk factors and chemotherapeutics for the treatment of glioblastoma. Further, we discuss different nanoformulations fabricated using synthetic and natural materials for treatment and diagnosis to selectively target signaling pathways involved in GBM. Furthermore, we discuss current clinical strategies and the role of artificial intelligence in the field of nanomedicine for targeting GBM.

A parental guidance patterns in the online learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in Indonesian school.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacts the educational process in schools in Indonesia. Online learning schemes are applied as an alternative to learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aims to map effective patterns of parental guidance during the online learning process amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a mixed scheme between case study and literature study methods, this literature study was carried out by analyzing previous studies on the topic "parental guidance pattern" and "online learning during a pandemic". Data were sourced from several relevant articles published from 2020 to 2021. The data were then analyzed using interactively, quantitatively, and biometric methods with the VOSviewer application. The data analysis showed that the pattern of parental guidance must be tailored to the child's needs. In online learning, parents serve as facilitators, motivators, supervisors, and guides. The level of children's education also affects the pattern of parental guidance. In addition, communication between teachers and parents must also be well established so that the learning process can function effectively and efficiently and achieve optimal learning outcomes.

Innovative application of new media in visual communication design and resistance to innovation.

It has become essential to create and apply new media in visual communication design due to social media existence. This study aims to investigate the role of innovative applications of new media in visual communication design in educational institutions. Traditional media design in visual communication lacks to disseminate information more effectively, which requires innovative change. Therefore, this study attempts to highlight the role of innovative application of new media in visual communication by considering visual expression design with information technology (IT), flexible layout, diversified modes of transmission, and interactivity of integration. For this purpose, this study adopted a quantitative research approach in which a cross-sectional research design is followed. A questionnaire survey is carried out to collect data from educational institutions in China. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used for data analysis. Results of the study indicated that innovative applications of new media have central importance in visual communication. However, resistance to innovative change has a negative role in the relationship between innovative applications of new media and visual communication design. Results of the study highlighted that visual expression design with IT, flexible layout, diversified modes of transmission, and interactivity of integration have a positive effect on visual communication design. Therefore, among the educational intuitions of China, implementing innovative applications related to the new media can lead to visual communication design. The results of this study provided several insights for the practitioners to promote communication methods among educational institutions.

A dialect geography in Yogyakarta-Surakarta isolect in Wedi District: An examination of permutation and phonological dialectometry as an endeavor to preserve Javanese language in Indonesia.

This study reveals the status of Javanese isolect in Wedi District, Klaten Regency which is influenced by Yogyakarta and Surakarta isolect. This is a quantitative descriptive study. Our data was collected from the residents of Wedi District, Klaten. The data was collected from 15 points of observation areas (villages) based on a dialectometric triangle. It includes the speech of local people. We employed the listening and speaking method. The listening method was equipped with note taking and tapping techniques, while the speaking method was equipped with by probing, face-to-face, and recording techniques. The techniques to analyze our data included reciprocal understanding, dialectometry, permutation and isogloss file. Based on our analysis, we find that the isolect status is based on different vocabularies, speeches, subdialects and dialects. This shows that the language diversity in the typical isolect still exists. These findings also prove that the Yogyakarta and Surakarta dialect holds isolect diversity as a representation and evidence of language diversity.