ABSTRACT
IMPORTANCE: The study highlights the role of optical coherence angiography in the management of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who have developed sub-retinal fibrosis. BACKGROUND: Development of sub-retinal fibrosis in the context of nAMD is known to adversely affect visual function. The aim of this study is to assess structure and flow features obtained through swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with sub-retinal fibrosis and associate these with visual acuity (VA). DESIGN: Institutional retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A total 39 eyes of 39 patients with nAMD with sub-retinal fibrosis imaged with OCTA were included in this study. METHODS: Patients underwent swept-source OCTA. Thickness of sub-retinal hyper-reflective material (SHRM) and presence and configuration of a choroidal neovascular membrane were recorded in each case. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A univariate multiple regression was performed seeking associations between VA and structural and flow OCTA features. RESULTS: Average VA on the date of OCTA was 53 ± 22 ETDRS letters. Average thickness of centre-involving SHRM was 157 ± 73 µm. A choroidal neovascular membrane was detectable in 26 cases and not detectable in 13. VA was independently influenced by thickness of SHRM (P = 0.034) and presence of a detectable choroidal neovascular membrane (P = 0.02) on OCTA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Poorer VA in patients with nAMD and sub-retinal fibrosis is associated with presence of a detectable neovascular membrane on OCTA. The role of OCTA to guide nuanced management decisions in this patient population may be significant.
Subject(s)
Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis , Retina/pathology , Wet Macular Degeneration/diagnosis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Choroidal Neovascularization/physiopathology , Female , Fibrosis/pathology , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity/physiology , Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Wet Macular Degeneration/physiopathologyABSTRACT
AIMS: To investigate the role of the major histocompatibility complex in Irish patients with optic neuritis (ON) and determine whether HLA-DRB1 genotypes are a risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) in such patients. METHOD: All patients were Caucasian, had Irish ancestry and had MRI of brain and optic nerves within 2-3 weeks of presentation. Patients were referred to a neurologist if MRI findings were consistent with a diagnosis of MS. HLA-DRB1 allele and phenotype frequencies for 78 patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute ON were compared with those for 250 healthy bone marrow donors. RESULTS: An ON/MS positive patient was 3.4 times more likely than an ON/MS negative patient to be DRB1*15 positive. No difference in age profile was detected between ON/MS positive and ON/MS negative patients or between the ON male and female subgroups. No gender or HLA-DRB1 association was identified for ON/MS negative patients. Female gender was significantly increased among ON/MS positive patients with a p value of 0.0053. CONCLUSIONS: DRB1*15 is a significant predisposing factor for ON. This ON patient cohort has also provided an opportunity to evaluate the relationship of HLA genotype with the risk of MS development. The findings of this study indicate that Irish individuals presenting with ON and who are HLA DRB1*15 positive have a higher risk than HLA DRB1*15 negative patients of presenting with MRI findings indicative of MS. This study has also demonstrated that female gender is a risk factor for developing MS in the Irish population.
