"Together We Can Return to Balance"-Eastern Woodlands Native Perspectives and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.

PURPOSE: To explore the perspectives of Eastern Woodlands Native people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the context of health beliefs, T2DM disease self-management, and family and community connections. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive method using face-to-face or telephonic semistructured interviews was employed with Native people ages 18 years or older who have a diagnosis of T2DM (N = 12) from an unidentified Eastern Woodlands tribe. The PEN-3 Cultural Model guided the study initially. RESULTS: The overarching theme "together we can return to balance" corresponded to 5 subthemes: coming to know life paths with T2DM, acknowledging the imbalance, negotiating my way forward, making important connections, and sticking closer to Mother Earth. Dimensions within the subthemes suggest why Native people may not be reaching T2DM treatment goals. Reasons include incomplete diabetes knowledge, difficulty accessing resources, and contextual variations in adoption of conventional diabetes treatments. CONCLUSION: This study identified themes from Native perspectives about T2DM self-management and about prospects that may mitigate incomplete knowledge and support. Integrating indigenous health and wellness knowledge with conventional principles of diabetes care presents several opportunities for nurses to advance diabetes self-management (DSM) education and support. Including Native health concepts when educating patients about DSM should be viewed as desirable for holistic family and community involvement that is central toward preventing disease progression.

The process of reflection: A principle-based concept analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the concept reflection as a process using a principle-based method of analysis that acknowledges the philosophical premises of formal cognitive operations (experiencing, understanding, judging, and deciding) espoused by Bernard Lonergan. The aim is to understand how we think and process cognitively in reflection while developing consciousness in knowing. Using Lonergan's formal cognitive operations adds a philosophical perspective and structure to the concept. Fostering the enactment of reflection is a complex process, but it is vital for nursing science and disciplinary advancement.