ABSTRACT
Coordination between membrane trafficking and actin polymerization is fundamental in cell migration, but a dynamic view of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still missing. The Rac1 GTPase controls actin polymerization at protrusions by interacting with its effector, the Wave regulatory complex (WRC). The exocyst complex, which functions in polarized exocytosis, has been involved in the regulation of cell motility. Here, we show a physical and functional connection between exocyst and WRC. Purified components of exocyst and WRC directly associate in vitro, and interactions interfaces are identified. The exocyst-WRC interaction is confirmed in cells by co-immunoprecipitation and is shown to occur independently of the Arp2/3 complex. Disruption of the exocyst-WRC interaction leads to impaired migration. By using time-lapse microscopy coupled to image correlation analysis, we visualized the trafficking of the WRC towards the front of the cell in nascent protrusions. The exocyst is necessary for WRC recruitment at the leading edge and for resulting cell edge movements. This direct link between the exocyst and WRC provides a new mechanistic insight into the spatio-temporal regulation of cell migration.
Subject(s)
Cell Movement , Cell Surface Extensions/metabolism , Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism , Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism , Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism , HEK293 Cells , Humans , Protein Binding , Protein Subunits/metabolismABSTRACT
The coordination of the several pathways involved in cell motility is poorly understood. Here, we identify SH3BP1, belonging to the RhoGAP family, as a partner of the exocyst complex and establish a physical and functional link between two motility-driving pathways, the Ral/exocyst and Rac signaling pathways. We show that SH3BP1 localizes together with the exocyst to the leading edge of motile cells and that SH3BP1 regulates cell migration via its GAP activity upon Rac1. SH3BP1 loss of function induces abnormally high Rac1 activity at the front, as visualized by in vivo biosensors, and disorganized and instable protrusions, as revealed by cell morphodynamics analysis. Consistently, constitutively active Rac1 mimics the phenotype of SH3BP1 depletion: slow migration and aberrant cell morphodynamics. Our finding that SH3BP1 downregulates Rac1 at the motile-cell front indicates that Rac1 inactivation in this location, as well as its activation by GEF proteins, is a fundamental requirement for cell motility.
