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1.
Crit Care Sci ; 36: e20240210en, 2024.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38775567

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Driving pressure has been suggested to be the main driver of ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality in observational studies of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Whether a driving pressure-limiting strategy can improve clinical outcomes is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To describe the protocol and statistical analysis plan that will be used to test whether a driving pressure-limiting strategy including positive end-expiratory pressure titration according to the best respiratory compliance and reduction in tidal volume is superior to a standard strategy involving the use of the ARDSNet low-positive end-expiratory pressure table in terms of increasing the number of ventilator-free days in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS: The ventilator STrAtegy for coMmunIty acquired pNeumoniA (STAMINA) study is a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial that compares a driving pressure-limiting strategy to the ARDSnet low-positive end-expiratory pressure table in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to community-acquired pneumonia admitted to intensive care units. We expect to recruit 500 patients from 20 Brazilian and 2 Colombian intensive care units. They will be randomized to a driving pressure-limiting strategy group or to a standard strategy using the ARDSNet low-positive end-expiratory pressure table. In the driving pressure-limiting strategy group, positive end-expiratory pressure will be titrated according to the best respiratory system compliance. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome is the number of ventilator-free days within 28 days. The secondary outcomes are in-hospital and intensive care unit mortality and the need for rescue therapies such as extracorporeal life support, recruitment maneuvers and inhaled nitric oxide. CONCLUSION: STAMINA is designed to provide evidence on whether a driving pressure-limiting strategy is superior to the ARDSNet low-positive end-expiratory pressure table strategy for increasing the number of ventilator-free days within 28 days in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we describe the rationale, design and status of the trial.


Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections , Positive-Pressure Respiration , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Humans , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/physiopathology , Community-Acquired Infections/therapy , Prospective Studies , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Pneumonia/therapy , Brazil/epidemiology , Colombia/epidemiology , Intensive Care Units , Tidal Volume
7.
Trials ; 22(1): 582, 2021 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34470656

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Nut consumption has been related to improvements on cardiometabolic parameters and reduction in the severity of atherosclerosis mainly in primary cardiovascular prevention. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the effects of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Diet (DIeta CArdioprotetora Brasileira, DICA Br) based on consumption of inexpensive locally accessible foods supplemented or not with mixed nuts on cardiometabolic features in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: DICA-NUTS study is a national, multicenter, randomized 16-week follow-up clinical trial. Patients over 40 years old with diagnosis of previous MI in the last 2 to 6 months will be recruited (n = 388). A standardized questionnaire will be applied to data collection and blood samples will be obtained. Patients will be allocated in two groups: Group 1: DICA Br supplemented with 30 g/day of mixed nuts (10 g of peanuts, 10 g of cashew, 10 g of Brazil nuts); and Group 2: only DICA Br. The primary outcome will consist of LDL cholesterol means (in mg/dL) after 16 weeks of intervention. Secondary outcomes will consist of other markers of lipid profile, glycemic profile, and anthropometric data. DISCUSSION: It is expected that DICA Br supplemented with mixed nuts have superior beneficial effects on cardiometabolic parameters in patients after a MI, when compared to DICA Br. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03728127 . First register: November 1, 2018; Last update: June 16, 2021. World Health Organization Universal Trial Number (WHO-UTN): U1111-1259-8105.


Subject(s)
Diet , Myocardial Infarction , Adult , Biomarkers , Blood Glucose , Cholesterol, LDL , Humans , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
8.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva ; 33(1): 146-153, 2021.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33886864

ABSTRACT

Neurological diseases are estimated to affect 1 billion people worldwide and are the cause of one in 10 deaths. In Brazil, they are responsible for approximately 14% of clinical admissions to intensive care units, 9% of elective neurosurgeries and 14% of emergency neurosurgeries. Many of these conditions are incurable, result in reduced life expectancy and quality of life and increased dependence, and are associated with symptoms that are likely to cause suffering, which justifies the integration of palliative care into usual care. In addition, factors unique to acute neurological injuries, such as their catastrophic clinical presentation, complex and uncertain prognosis, associated communication difficulties and issues related to quality of life, require a specific approach, which has recently been termed "neuropalliative care". Although the topic is relevant and current, it is still little discussed, and much of what is known about palliative care in this context is extrapolated from approaches used under other conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a narrative literature review to identify the challenges of applying the palliative care approach in the care of neurocritically ill patients, with a focus on three groups: neurocritically ill patients, families and intensive care teams. This review identified that in intensive care, the main demands for palliative care are for prognostic definitions and care planning. Training in primary palliative care and improving communication were also needs identified by intensivists and families, respectively. In contrast with what has been found under other conditions, the management of symptoms was not indicated as a complex issue, although it is still relevant.


Estima-se que as doenças neurológicas acometam 1 bilhão de pessoas no mundo e sejam causa de uma a cada dez mortes. No Brasil, são responsáveis por, aproximadamente, 14% das internações clínicas em unidades de terapia intensiva, 9% das neurocirurgias eletivas e 14% em urgência. Muitas dessas condições são incuráveis, implicam em reduzida expectativa e qualidade de vida e maior dependência, além de estarem associadas a sintomas que predispõem ao sofrimento, o que justifica a integração dos cuidados paliativos aos usuais. Além disso, fatores peculiares às injúrias neurológicas agudas, como apresentação clínica catastrófica, prognóstico complexo e incerto, dificuldade de comunicação e questões relacionadas à qualidade de vida exigem uma abordagem específica, recentemente denominada "cuidados neuropaliativos". Assim, embora relevante e atual, o tema ainda é pouco discutido e muito do que se conhece sobre cuidados paliativos nesse contexto são extrapolações sobre abordagens em outras condições. Por isso, foi objetivo deste estudo realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura, a fim de identificar os desafios da abordagem dos cuidados paliativos na assistência aos pacientes neurocríticos, com foco em três núcleos temáticos: pacientes neurocríticos, familiares e equipes de terapia intensiva. Esta revisão identificou que, no intensivismo, as principais demandas de cuidados paliativos são para definições prognósticas e planejamento de cuidados. A necessidade de treinamento em cuidados paliativos primários e de aprimoramento da comunicação também foi uma necessidade identificada por intensivistas e pelas famílias, respectivamente. De modo diferente do que se dá em outras condições, o manejo de sintomas, apesar de relevante, não foi indicado como questão complexa.


Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Quality of Life , Communication , Critical Care , Humans , Intensive Care Units
9.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 33(1): 146-153, jan.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289060

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Estima-se que as doenças neurológicas acometam 1 bilhão de pessoas no mundo e sejam causa de uma a cada dez mortes. No Brasil, são responsáveis por, aproximadamente, 14% das internações clínicas em unidades de terapia intensiva, 9% das neurocirurgias eletivas e 14% em urgência. Muitas dessas condições são incuráveis, implicam em reduzida expectativa e qualidade de vida e maior dependência, além de estarem associadas a sintomas que predispõem ao sofrimento, o que justifica a integração dos cuidados paliativos aos usuais. Além disso, fatores peculiares às injúrias neurológicas agudas, como apresentação clínica catastrófica, prognóstico complexo e incerto, dificuldade de comunicação e questões relacionadas à qualidade de vida exigem uma abordagem específica, recentemente denominada "cuidados neuropaliativos". Assim, embora relevante e atual, o tema ainda é pouco discutido e muito do que se conhece sobre cuidados paliativos nesse contexto são extrapolações sobre abordagens em outras condições. Por isso, foi objetivo deste estudo realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura, a fim de identificar os desafios da abordagem dos cuidados paliativos na assistência aos pacientes neurocríticos, com foco em três núcleos temáticos: pacientes neurocríticos, familiares e equipes de terapia intensiva. Esta revisão identificou que, no intensivismo, as principais demandas de cuidados paliativos são para definições prognósticas e planejamento de cuidados. A necessidade de treinamento em cuidados paliativos primários e de aprimoramento da comunicação também foi uma necessidade identificada por intensivistas e pelas famílias, respectivamente. De modo diferente do que se dá em outras condições, o manejo de sintomas, apesar de relevante, não foi indicado como questão complexa.


ABSTRACT Neurological diseases are estimated to affect 1 billion people worldwide and are the cause of one in 10 deaths. In Brazil, they are responsible for approximately 14% of clinical admissions to intensive care units, 9% of elective neurosurgeries and 14% of emergency neurosurgeries. Many of these conditions are incurable, result in reduced life expectancy and quality of life and increased dependence, and are associated with symptoms that are likely to cause suffering, which justifies the integration of palliative care into usual care. In addition, factors unique to acute neurological injuries, such as their catastrophic clinical presentation, complex and uncertain prognosis, associated communication difficulties and issues related to quality of life, require a specific approach, which has recently been termed "neuropalliative care". Although the topic is relevant and current, it is still little discussed, and much of what is known about palliative care in this context is extrapolated from approaches used under other conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a narrative literature review to identify the challenges of applying the palliative care approach in the care of neurocritically ill patients, with a focus on three groups: neurocritically ill patients, families and intensive care teams. This review identified that in intensive care, the main demands for palliative care are for prognostic definitions and care planning. Training in primary palliative care and improving communication were also needs identified by intensivists and families, respectively. In contrast with what has been found under other conditions, the management of symptoms was not indicated as a complex issue, although it is still relevant.


Subject(s)
Humans , Palliative Care , Quality of Life , Communication , Critical Care , Intensive Care Units
10.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva ; 32(3): 468-473, 2020.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33053038

ABSTRACT

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used as extracirculatory support for the care of patients with severe and reversible cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Neurological complications may be related to the procedure. Given the unfavorable neurological evolution and the need to perform a brain death protocol, the performance of an apnea test in this context remains a challenge. We report the use of an apnea test for the diagnosis of brain death post-cardiac surgery in a patient receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.


A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea é utilizada como suporte extracirculatório para a assistência de pacientes em severa e reversível falência cardíaca e/ou respiratória. Complicações neurológicas podem estar relacionadas ao procedimento. Diante da evolução neurológica desfavorável e da necessidade de realização de protocolo de morte encefálica, permanece um desafio a realização de teste de apneia nesse contexto. Relatamos o caso de teste de apneia para diagnóstico de morte encefálica em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca em paciente utilizando oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial.


Subject(s)
Apnea/diagnosis , Brain Death/diagnosis , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Adult , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods , Female , Humans
11.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(3): 468-473, jul.-set. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138516

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea é utilizada como suporte extracirculatório para a assistência de pacientes em severa e reversível falência cardíaca e/ou respiratória. Complicações neurológicas podem estar relacionadas ao procedimento. Diante da evolução neurológica desfavorável e da necessidade de realização de protocolo de morte encefálica, permanece um desafio a realização de teste de apneia nesse contexto. Relatamos o caso de teste de apneia para diagnóstico de morte encefálica em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca em paciente utilizando oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial.


Abstract Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used as extracirculatory support for the care of patients with severe and reversible cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Neurological complications may be related to the procedure. Given the unfavorable neurological evolution and the need to perform a brain death protocol, the performance of an apnea test in this context remains a challenge. We report the use of an apnea test for the diagnosis of brain death post-cardiac surgery in a patient receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Apnea/diagnosis , Brain Death/diagnosis , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/methods
12.
Rev Bras Ter Intensiva ; 32(2): 312-318, 2020 Jun.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32667442

ABSTRACT

Among the potential complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, neurological dysfunctions, including brain death, are not negligible. In Brazil, the diagnostic process of brain death is regulated by Federal Council of Medicine resolution 2,173 of 2017. Diagnostic tests for brain death include the apnea test, which assesses the presence of a ventilatory response to hypercapnic stimulus. However, gas exchange, including carbon dioxide removal, is maintained under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, making the test challenging. In addition to the fact that the aforementioned resolution does not consider the specificities of the diagnostic process under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, studies on the subject are scarce. This review aims to identify case studies (and/or case series) published in the PubMed® and Cochrane databases describing the process of brain death diagnosis. A total of 17 publications (2011 - 2019) were identified. The practical strategies described were to provide pretest supplemental oxygenation via mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (fraction of inspired oxygen = 1.0) and, at the beginning of the test, titrate the sweep flow (0.5 - 1.0L/minute) to minimize carbon dioxide removal. It is also recommended to increase blood flow and/or sweep flow in the presence of hypoxemia and/or hypotension, which may be combined with fluid infusion and/or the escalation of inotropic/vasoactive drugs. If the partial pressure of carbon dioxide threshold is not reached, repeating the test under supplementation of carbon dioxide exogenous to the circuit is an alternative. Last, in cases of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, to measure gas variation and exclude differential hypoxia, blood samples of the native and extracorporeal (post-oxygenator) circulations are recommended.


Subject(s)
Apnea/diagnosis , Brain Death/diagnosis , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Adult , Brazil , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Humans , Partial Pressure
13.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 32(2): 312-318, Apr.-June 2020. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138488

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Entre as potenciais complicações da oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, as disfunções neurológicas, incluindo morte encefálica, não são desprezíveis. No Brasil, o processo diagnóstico é regulamentado pela resolução 2.173 de 2017 do Conselho Federal de Medicina. Entre os testes diagnósticos, está o de apneia, que objetiva verificar se existe resposta ventilatória ao estímulo hipercápnico. Contudo, trocas gasosas, incluindo a remoção de dióxido de carbono, são mantidas sob oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, tornando o teste desafiador. Somado ao fato de que a citada resolução não contempla as especificidades do processo diagnóstico sob oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, publicações sobre o tema são escassas. Esta revisão objetivou identificar estudos de casos (e/ou séries de casos) publicados nas bases PubMed® e Cochrane que descrevessem o processo. Foram identificadas 17 publicações (2011 - 2019). As estratégias práticas descritas foram: prover oxigenação suplementar pré-teste, via ventilador mecânico e oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea (fração inspirada de oxigênio = 1,0), e, ao início do teste, titular o sweep flow (0,5 - 1,0L/minuto), a fim de minimizar a remoção de dióxido de carbono. Recomenda-se também incrementar o fluxo sanguíneo e/ou do sweep ante hipoxemia e/ou hipotensão, podendo associar à infusão de fluidos e/ou ao escalonamento de drogas inotrópicas/vasoativas. Se o limiar da pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono não for alcançado, repetir o teste sob suplementação de dióxido de carbono exógeno ao circuito é uma alternativa. Finalmente, nos casos de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial, para mensurar a variação de gases e excluir hipóxia diferencial, recomenda-se coletar amostras sanguíneas provenientes das circulações nativa e extracorpórea (pós-oxigenador).


Abstract Among the potential complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, neurological dysfunctions, including brain death, are not negligible. In Brazil, the diagnostic process of brain death is regulated by Federal Council of Medicine resolution 2,173 of 2017. Diagnostic tests for brain death include the apnea test, which assesses the presence of a ventilatory response to hypercapnic stimulus. However, gas exchange, including carbon dioxide removal, is maintained under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, making the test challenging. In addition to the fact that the aforementioned resolution does not consider the specificities of the diagnostic process under extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, studies on the subject are scarce. This review aims to identify case studies (and/or case series) published in the PubMed® and Cochrane databases describing the process of brain death diagnosis. A total of 17 publications (2011 - 2019) were identified. The practical strategies described were to provide pretest supplemental oxygenation via mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (fraction of inspired oxygen = 1.0) and, at the beginning of the test, titrate the sweep flow (0.5 - 1.0L/minute) to minimize carbon dioxide removal. It is also recommended to increase blood flow and/or sweep flow in the presence of hypoxemia and/or hypotension, which may be combined with fluid infusion and/or the escalation of inotropic/vasoactive drugs. If the partial pressure of carbon dioxide threshold is not reached, repeating the test under supplementation of carbon dioxide exogenous to the circuit is an alternative. Last, in cases of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, to measure gas variation and exclude differential hypoxia, blood samples of the native and extracorporeal (post-oxygenator) circulations are recommended.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Apnea/diagnosis , Brain Death/diagnosis , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation , Partial Pressure , Brazil , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism
14.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 26(2): 151-157, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012138

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A isquemia crítica de membro inferior (ICMI) gera impacto nos sistemas de saúde, na qualidade de vida e funcionalidade dos indivíduos diagnosticados. Entretanto, há pouca evidência científica que permita fundamentar a intervenção fisioterapêutica para pacientes internados por ICMI. O objetivo desse estudo foi elaborar um consenso de especialistas sobre a fisioterapia intra-hospitalar para pacientes com ICMI. Para tal, foi utilizado o método Delphi. Um painel de especialistas foi formado por 18 fisioterapeutas que representavam 85,7% da equipe de um hospital de referência em cirurgia vascular. Foram consideradas, para o consenso, as respostas com valor mínimo de concordância de 70% e média ou mediana ≥3,1 na escala Likert. Os questionários abordaram itens da avaliação, objetivos e condutas fisioterapêuticas nas fases pré e pós-cirurgia de revascularização. Definiram-se como itens essenciais a avaliação de sintomas, função cognitiva, musculoesquelética e cardiorrespiratória. Controle da dor, redução de edemas, ganho de amplitude de movimento, deambulação e educação em saúde são objetivos no pré-operatório e o ganho de força muscular na fase pós-operatória. Exercícios passivo, assistido, ativo livre e circulatório, incluindo os membros superiores, estão indicados antes e após as cirurgias. Educação em saúde e deambulação com redução de peso em área de lesão plantar são essenciais em todo o período de internação. A eletroanalgesia foi preconizada no pré-operatório e a elevação do membro inferior e exercícios resistidos no pós-operatório.


RESUMEN La isquemia crítica de miembro inferior (ICMI) afecta a los sistemas de salud y la calidad de vida y funcionalidad de los individuos diagnosticados. Sin embargo, hay poca evidencia científica que fundamente la intervención fisioterapéutica para pacientes internados por ICMI. El objetivo de este estudio fue elaborar un consenso de especialistas sobre la fisioterapia intrahospitalaria para pacientes con ICMI. Para ello, se utilizó el método Delphi. Se formó un panel de expertos con 18 fisioterapeutas que representaban el 85,7% del equipo de un hospital de referencia en cirugía vascular. Se consideraron, para el consenso, las respuestas con un valor mínimo de concordancia del 70% y media o mediana ≥3,1 en la escala Likert. Los cuestionarios abordaron ítems de evaluación, objetivos y conductas fisioterapéuticas en las fases pre y poscirugía de revascularización. Se definieron como elementos esenciales la evaluación de síntomas y las funciones cognitiva, musculoesquelética y cardiorrespiratoria. En el preoperatorio, control del dolor, reducción de edemas, ganancia de amplitud de movimiento, deambulación y educación en salud son los objetivos; en la fase posoperatoria, la ganancia de fuerza muscular. Los ejercicios pasivos, asistidos, activos libres y circulatorios, incluidos los miembros superiores, se indican antes y después de las cirugías. La educación en salud y la deambulación con reducción de peso en el área de lesión plantar son esenciales en todo el período de internación. La electroanalgesia fue preconizada en el preoperatorio; y, en el postoperatorio, elevación del miembro inferior y ejercicios resistidos.


ABSTRACT Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a disease with a great burden for the healthcare system, patient's functionality and quality of life. However, there is little evidence to guide intrahospital physical therapy programs for patients with CLI. Thus, this study aimed to provide an expert consensus on intrahospital physiotherapeutic care for CLI patients. An expert panel was made up with 18 experienced physical therapists, which represented 85.7% of physical therapists from a reference vascular surgery team in a university hospital. The Delphi method was used to produce a consensus, considering a minimum agreement of 70% and a mean or median score in the Likert scale ≥3.1. The questionnaires included items related to assessment, goals and physiotherapeutic interventions prior and after revascularization. A consensus was reached on assessing symptoms, cognitive, articular, musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory functions. Pain control, edema drainage, range of motion gain, walking incentive and health education are goals in the pre-operatory and the muscular strengthening in postoperatory phase. In both phases there was a consensus on the use of passive, active-assisted and active exercises, including upper limb exercises. Walking and therapeutic education are essential during the hospitalization period with offloading practices in area of plantar ulcer. Electroanalgesia should be used in preoperative phase and resisted exercises and lower limb elevation at postoperatory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Physical Therapy Modalities , Lower Extremity/physiopathology , Peripheral Arterial Disease/rehabilitation , Ischemia/rehabilitation , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Clinical Protocols , Surveys and Questionnaires , Lower Extremity/surgery , Consensus , Hospital Care , Physical Therapists
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