ABSTRACT
The conventional electrical grid faces significant issues, which this paper aims to address one of most of them using a proposed prototype of a smart microgrid energy management system. In addition to relying too heavily on fossil fuels, electricity theft is another great issue. The proposed energy management system can simultaneously detect electricity theft and implement demand response tactics by employing time-of-use pricing principles and comparing real electricity consumption with grid data. The system uses the Al-Biruni earth radius (BER) optimization algorithm to make smart choices about how to distribute the load, intending to reduce energy consumption and costs without sacrificing comfort. As a bonus, it considers limitations imposed by battery charging/discharging and decentralized power generation. Incorporating sensors and SCADA-based monitoring, the system provides accurate measurement and management of energy usage through load monitoring and control. An intuitive mobile app also helps consumers connect, allowing for more active participation and better control over energy use. Extensive field testing of the prototype shows that by moving loads from peak period to another off-peak period, electricity expenditures can be reduced by up to 48.45%. The energy theft value was calculated to be 1199 W, proving that the system's theft detection model was effective.
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a central energy management system (EMS) in smart buildings. It is based on the coalition method for optimal energy sharing between smart buildings. Game theory is applied to obtain an optimal allocation of the building's surplus energy on the deficient energy buildings using the Shapley value, which enables the unequal energy distribution based on the energy demand. The main objective is reducing energy waste while preserving the generation/demand balance. The fog platform with memory storage is applied, which handles all the measured data from the smart buildings through Wi-Fi-based communication protocol and performs the EMS program. The smart meter links the smart buildings with the fog-based EMS central unit. Two scenarios are implemented based on the difference between total deficient and surplus energy. Coalition game theory is applied for optimal surplus energy allocation on deficient buildings when the total energy surplus is lower than the total energy deficient. Also, there is a one-to-one relationship between the surplus and deficient building; if the surplus energy is larger than the deficit, the extra surplus energy is stored for further usage. The proposed EMS is applied and tested using a smart city with 10 buildings in the MATLAB program. A comparison between the result obtained with and without applying the proposed method is performed. The performance of the fog platform is introduced based on the run and delay time and the memory size usage. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed EMS in a smart building.
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a harmony search (HS) based H-infinity (H∞) control method to promote the conventional droop control method. The proposed method is used to enhance the performance of the voltage/frequency (V/F), controller. It can regulate both voltage and frequency to their rated values while enhancing autonomous microgrid (MG) power quality. The results gained from the proposed controller were compared with the results achieved by using the model predictive control (MPC) technique to show the applicability of the proposed controller. On top of that, a comparison between different controllers presented in this paper is performed.
ABSTRACT
We recently reported the antineovascularization effect of scopoletin on rat aorta and identified its potential anti-angiogenic activity. Scopoletin could be useful as a systemic chemotherapeutic agent against angiogenesis-dependent malignancies if its antitumorigenic activity is investigated and scientifically proven using a suitable human tumor xenograft model. In the present study, bioassay-guided (anti-angiogenesis) phytochemical investigation was conducted on Nicotiana glauca extract which led to the isolation of scopoletin. Further, anti-angiogenic activity of scopoletin was characterized using ex vivo, in vivo and in silico angiogenesis models. Finally, the antitumorigenic efficacy of scopoletin was studied in human colorectal tumor xenograft model using athymic nude mice. For the first time, an in vivo anticancer activity of scopoletin was reported and characterized using xenograft models. Scopoletin caused significant suppression of sprouting of microvessels in rat aortic explants with IC50 (median inhibitory concentration) 0.06µM. Scopoletin (100 and 200mg/kg) strongly inhibited (59.72 and 89.4%, respectively) vascularization in matrigel plugs implanted in nude mice. In the tumor xenograft model, scopoletin showed remarkable inhibition on tumor growth (34.2 and 94.7% at 100 and 200mg/kg, respectively). Tumor histology revealed drastic reduction of the extent of vascularization. Further, immunostaining of CD31 and NG2 receptors in the histological sections confirmed the antivascular effect of scopoletin in tumor vasculature. In computer modeling, scopoletin showed strong ligand affinity and binding energies toward the following angiogenic factors: protein kinase (ERK1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). These results suggest that the antitumor activity of scopoletin may be due to its strong anti-angiogenic effect, which may be mediated by its effective inhibition of ERK1, VEGF-A, and FGF-2.
