ABSTRACT
Summary: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergen/immune-mediated disease leading to esophageal dysfunction. Food allergens play critical roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of EoE via different mechanisms. This study aimed to present the characteristics and evaluate the ability of skin prick test (SPT), skin prick to prick test (SPP) (IgE-mediated), and atopic patch test (APT) (cell-mediated) individually or simultaneously to diagnose food allergy in patients suffering from EoE. This prospective study was conducted on 58 patients with EoE. Seven patients (12.1%) were positive to only one, 3 (5.2%) were simultaneously positive to two, and 32 (55.2%) were simultaneously positive to three tests. Single and double sensitizations were totally 10.4% in IgE-mediated reactions, while 36.5% in cell-mediated reactions. In contrast, poly sensitization (> 2 allergens) was 51.7% in IgE-mediated tests and 20.7% in the cell-mediated test. Multiple sensitization findings showed egg white, milk, yolk, and soy were the most frequent allergens. Our findings indicate that EoE is early onset and associated with multiple food sensitizations, particularly via IgE-mediated mechanisms. These immune-mediated responses encompass both IgE-mediated (SPT and SPP) and cell-mediated (APT) reactions simultaneously not individually. Therefore, employing multiple assays may strengthen the diagnosis of food sensitization.
Subject(s)
Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity, Immediate , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Skin Tests/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Allergens , Child , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/blood , Eosinophilic Esophagitis/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Immunity, Cellular , Male , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Urethral stenosis has a recurrent character. The urethroplasty is often proposed for repeat stenosis. This study seeks to explore the interest of clean intermittent self-catheterization in the evolution of urethral stenosis after urethrotomy. METHODS: Single-center retrospective study from 2008 to 2013, concerning patients who received urethrotomy to treat urethral stenosis which was confirmed by endoscopy and a flow chart. Some accomplished self-catheterization in addition to urethrotomy to prevent recurrence. The monitoring was provided during consultation by a subjective assessment (patient and surgeon) and a flow chart. The restenosis were confirmed by endoscopy and flow chart. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients treated with urethrotomy alone (50 patients) or associated with self-catheterization (43) was included. Urethral stenosis were mostly iatrogenic (75%), short <10mm (84%), single (74%) and primary (50.5%). Mean follow-up was 99.3±72.8 weeks. Eighteen patients (19%) had symptomatic recurrence suspected by flow chart with a mean Qmax at recurrence was 6.25±2.8mL/s (P<0.001), 8 in urethrotomy group and 10 in the urethrotomy+self-catheterization group. Recurrence rates were comparable in the 2 groups, urethrotomy (16%) urethrotomy+self-catheterization (23%) (P=0.46). The mean time to recurrence was 81.1±87 weeks and was different in the 2 groups: 76.8±76.3 weeks in urethrotomy group, 83.3±93.9 in urethrotomy+self-catheterization group (P=0.014). An analysis recurrence for the primitive urethral stenosis showed that the recurrence rate was not statistically different: 18% for urethrotomy+self-catheterization group vs 14% for urethrotomy group. An analysis of recurrent relapses for urethral stenosis showed a rate of 26%, comparable in the 2 groups (P=1). CONCLUSION: After urethrotomy, urethral stenosis recurs in 1 patient over 5, after 18 months especially if they were complicated (multiple, recurrent, extended). Self-catheterization do not provide benefit in terms of recurrence (for the general population and for primitive urethral stenosis) compared to only urethrotomy but seem to extend the time without recurrence (76.8 weeks vs 83.3 weeks). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.
Subject(s)
Intermittent Urethral Catheterization , Self Care , Urethral Stricture/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Urethral Stricture/complications , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Analysis of preliminary results in six patients operated by second-line (salvage) radical prostatectomy for local recurrence after low-dose brachytherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Since January 2009, six patients had an open salvage radical prostatectomy with a lymph node dissection and without neurovascular bundles preservation for a low-dose I125 brachytherapy failure. Local recurrence was confirmed by trans-rectal biopsy or TURP. All the patients had PSA increase or lower urinary tract symptoms. Bone scan and pelvis MRI were performed to detect a locally advanced disease, a lymph node involvement or the presence of bone metastasis. Pathology reports and PSA level at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months were analyzed. RESULTS: Salvage radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection was performed in all patients without major complications. The PSA level was below 0.1 ng/mL in five out of six patients at 1 and 3 months. The only case of persistent PSA is treated by androgen deprivation in a pT3b N1 patient. CONCLUSION: Salvage radical prostatectomy after brachytherapy failure was feasible with a limited perioperative morbidity. This second-line curative treatment in a selected group of patients should be kept in mind. Our early results looked promising.
