Subject(s)
Ampulla of Vater/injuries , Duodenal Ulcer/surgery , Hemostasis, Surgical/adverse effects , Pancreaticojejunostomy/methods , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/surgery , Peptic Ulcer Perforation/surgery , Ampulla of Vater/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical/methods , Duodenal Ulcer/complications , Duodenal Ulcer/diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Gallbladder/surgery , Hemostasis, Surgical/methods , Humans , Jejunum/surgery , Laparotomy/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/complications , Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Peptic Ulcer Perforation/complications , Peptic Ulcer Perforation/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Reoperation/methods , Risk Assessment , Splenectomy/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
AIM: To describe the specific characteristics of duodenal/perivaterian carcinoids and to analyze the diagnostic/therapeutic approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight patients were included in our study. Symptoms on admission included dyspepsia, upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and anemia. All patients underwent upper GI endoscopy and gastrointestinal peptides (gastrin) and neuroendocrine markers (Chromogranin-A, CgA) measurement. Imaging studies were performed in all patients, including OCTREOSCAN, while in patients with ACs MRCP or ERCP was also performed, when necessary. Definite diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination. RESULTS: Polypoid masses (carcinoids) were revealed at duodenal bulb and ampulla of Vater, in 5 and 3 patients, respectively. Serum gastrin was moderately increased in 4 patients, while in one patient it was more than 1000 pg/ml. Serum CgA was moderately increased in one patient, in whom OCTREOSCAN detected a solitary hepatic metastasis. Two patients with DC, of less than 1 cm of diameter, were treated by endoscopic polypectomy, while all the other patients underwent surgery. The patient with hepatic metastasis and positive OCTREOSCAN received also Octreotide LAR, resulting in stabilization of disease. No recurrence or metastases were observed during follow-up (range : 1.5-9.6 years). CONCLUSIONS: In DC tumors <1 cm endoscopic excision with close follow-up is an adequate treatment, while in tumors >1 cm and in AC, surgical resection is the treatment of choice. In metastatic tumors, resection of the primary lesion with administration of somatostatin analogues may stabilize the disease and improve patient's quality of life.
