The Prognostic Importance of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Polyps.

BACKGROUND: This purpose aims to investigate the usefulness of CD133, a stem cell marker, for the prognosis of colon polyps. This study aimed to assess the adenomatous polyps that have an essential role in the development of colorectal cancer. The risk of colorectal carcinogenesis can be reduced by polypectomy and close medical supervision of the patients with adenomatous polyps. The prominence of stem cells in carcinoma development is also a recognized verdict. It must be noted that stem cell evaluation in adenomatous polyps may provide information about carcinoma development. METHOD: Previously pathologically assessed colorectal polyps in 60 males and 40 females at Azerbaijan Medical University were reevaluated at the Pathology Department under the Meram Medical Faculty. Hematoxylin-eosin stained preparations were examined, and cases with and without dysplasia were determined. The image analysis program re-examined the preparations, and the same image analysis system automatically counted CD133 positive stained cells in the unit area. At the end of the follow-up period after polypectomy, the cases of malignancy were detected. RESULTS: The relationship between CD133 expression of dysplasia and malignancy was statistically compared. During the investigation, the statistically significant relationship between CD133 expression and dysplasia, as well as malignancy development, was observed in this study. CONCLUSION: During the examination, the statistical significance of CD133 expression was detected in cases with dysplasia and malignancy. The investigation of CD133 expression in colorectal polyps is crucial in determining the presence of dysplasia and malignancy development, particularly in obtaining prognostic data in colorectal polyps.

The role of "Prominin - 1" marker in adenomatous colorectal polyps.

<b>Introduction:</b> Adenomatous polyps are pivotal to the development of colorectal cancer. The risk of colorectal carcinogenesis can be reduced through polypectomy and close surveillance of the disease. Early-stage polyps can be detected and removed endoscopically, therefore, reducing the incidence of carcinoma. The identification of CSC in colon polyps allows for assessment of their potential malignancy. Therefore, it is very relevant to study the prognostic significance of the prevalence of stem cells in colorectal polyps in early detection and prevention of cancer. </br></br> <b> Method:</b> Previously pathologically evaluated adenomatous tumors (60M, 40F) at Azerbaijan Medical University were reevaluated in Meram Medical Faculty Pathology Department. Hematoxylin-Eosin-stained slides were examined and cases with and without dysplasia were determined. New sections were taken from paraffin blocs. Prominin-1 staining was performed immunohistochemically on these sections. Stained slides were examined by an image analysis system. Prominin-1-positive cells were automatically counted with the same image analysis system. The cases that developed malignancy after polypectomy were determined. The relationship between CD133 expression of dysplasia and malignancy was statistically analyzed. </br></br> <b> Results:</b> Statistically significant prominin-1 expression was detected in cases with dysplasia and malignancy. </br></br> <b> Conclusion:</b> The investigation of prominin-1 expression in colorectal polyps may be important to determine malignancy development.

The importance of colonoscopy in the treatment of colorectal polyps and colorectal cancer screening.

AIM: Colorectal polyp is the most commonly encountered intestinal colon pathology in patients over 50 years of age, and 5% of which develops a "colorectal cancer". The early-stage polyps can be detected and removed endoscopically, which reduce the incidence of carcinoma. Our study is aimed to investigate the role of colonoscopy in colorectal adenoma treatment and screening for colorectal cancers, and to answer the question of whether the colorectal polyps would become malignant or not malignant by means of the comparative analysis of their histological features. METHODS: In the interval between 2011 and 2016 years, endoscopic polypectomy was performed in 118 out of 1375 patients at the Endoscopy Department of the Central Customs Hospital, either with a snare loop and a biopsy clamp. The age group of the patients was between 20 and 65years. A retrospective analysis was performed in 100 of these patients, of whom 18 were later excluded. RESULTS: Grounding on the histopathological evaluation, adenomatous polyps were differentiated into tubular (65-80%), tubulovillous (25%), and villous (5-10%) adenomas. In particular, 90% of 1 cm (small) polyps were tubular. Dysplasia was found in 42 out of the 100 polyps. The 42 patients with dysplasia were reevaluated, and 26 (61.9%) later developed a malignancy. Malignancy did not occur in the case of any of the 58 polyps without dysplasia. The study also revealed that the size of polyps is directly correlated with their path-morphological structures. In this study, two giant polyps were detected and then treated surgically, one patient had perforation after the polypectomy, and a surgical intervention immediately was performed upon him. During the colonoscopy, three patients had bleeding, hemoclip was applied to one of those patients, and sclerothreapy was performed upon the rest of two patients. After the polypectomy, in two patients, there was a feeling of pain, fever, discomfort in the abdomen, which was assessed as a "postpolypectomy" condition CONCLUSION: Also in our experience adenomatous polyps play a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer. Therefore, it seems quite essential to avert colorectal cancers gradually. Colonoscopy is a non-invasive method of diagnosis and a treatment of colorectal polyps. Proper and careful colonoscopy examination is indispensable in the discovery of colorectal polyps and subsequent follow-up. Timely and routine colonoscopy is considered as an important approach for thwarting the development of malignant neoplasms. KEY WORDS: Adenomatous polyps, Colorectal cancer, Colorectal polyps, Post-polypectomy.