Análise de custo do cloridrato de oxicodona de liberação prolongada (Oxycontin®) no manejo da dor oncológica, sob as perspectivas pública e privada no Brasil / Cost analysis of extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride (Oxycontin®) for cancer pain management, from public and private perspectives in Brazil

OBJETIVO: A dor é um importante e prevalente sintoma em pacientes oncológicos, que pode resultar em perda de qualidade de vida e ônus financeiro considerável devido ao custo de medicamentos analgésicos, intervenções e hospitalizações. O cloridrato de oxicodona de liberação prolongada é um opioide de ação semelhante à morfina com eficácia comprovada no tratamento da dor de moderada a intensa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar custos de medicamentos e hospitalizações em pacientessubmetidos ao tratamento com oxicodona de liberação prolongada comparado à morfina, em regime "se necessário" no manejo da dor relacionada ao câncer, sob as perspectivas dos sistemas de saúde público e privado, no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um modelo de decisão foi desenvolvido para análise das seguintes estratégias: grupo 1, 20 mg de oxicodona de liberação prolongada; grupo 2, 10 mg de oxicodona de liberação prolongada; e grupo 3, placebo. Custos foram obtidos a partir de listas de preços oficiais. O horizonte temporal foi determinado através do período de alta hospitalar nos grupos. Taxas de desconto não foram aplicadas. Dados de eficácia foram obtidos a partir do estudo de Zhou e Wang, 2012. Uma análise de sensibilidade univariada foi realizada para avaliar diferentes categoriashospitalares. RESULTADOS: Na análise realizada sob perspectiva do sistema de saúde público, os custos totais foram R$ 1.103, R$ 1.071 e R$ 1.214 por paciente tratado nos grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente.Na perspectiva do sistema de saúde privado, os custos totais foram R$ 2.372, R$ 2.367 e R$ 2.759 por paciente tratado nos grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Na análise de sensibilidade univariada, todos os cenários avaliados continuaram consistentes e favoráveis à utilização da oxicodona deliberação prolongada em adição ao tratamento com opioide em regime "se necessário". CONCLUSÃO: Por diminuir o tempo de hospitalização, a inclusão da oxicodona de liberação prolongada pode ocasionar redução de custos totais do tratamento da dor em pacientes oncológicos.

OBJECTIVES: Pain is an important and prevalent symptom in cancer patients, which can result in loss of quality of life and considerable financial burden due to the cost of analgesic drugs, interventions and hospitalizations. The extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride is an opioid with similaraction to morphine with proven efficacy in moderate to severe pain treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate drug and hospitalizations costs for patients undergoing treatment withextended-release oxycodone compared to morphine in an "if necessary" regime in the management of cancer-related pain, from public and private health care systems perspectives in Brazil. METHODS: A decision model was developed to analyze the following strategies: group 1, 20 mg ofextended-release oxycodone; group 2, 10 mg of extended-releaseoxycodone; and group 3, placebo. Costs were obtained from officialprice lists. Time horizon was determined through the hospital dischargeperiod. Discount rates were not applied. Efficacy data were obtained from Zhou e Wang, 2012. An univariate sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate different hospital categories. RESULTS: From the public perspective, total costs were 1,103 BRL, 1,071 BRL and 1,214 BRL per patient treated in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. From the private perspective, total costs were 2,372 BRL, 2,367 BRL and 2,759 BRL per patient treated in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the univariate sensitivity analysis, all evaluated scenarios remained consistent and favorable to the use of extended-release oxycodone in addition to treatment with opioid in an "if necessary" regime. CONCLUSION: By reducing total length of hospital stay, the inclusion of extended-release oxycodone can lead to reduction intotal cost of pain treatment in cancer patients.

Análise de custo do cloridrato de oxicodona de liberação prolongada (Oxycontin®) no manejo da dor em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia, sob as perspectivas pública e privada no Brasil / Cost analysis of extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride (Oxycontin®) for pain management in patients undergoing arthroplasty, from public and private perspectives in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Muitos pacientes apresentam intensa dor após artroplastia, que pode resultar em perda de qualidade de vida e ônus financeiro considerável devido ao custo de medicamentos analgésicos, intervenções e hospitalizações. O cloridrato de oxicodona de liberação prolongada é um opioide de ação semelhante à morfina com eficácia comprovada no tratamento da dor de moderada a forte intensidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar custos de medicamentos e hospitalizações em pacientessubmetidos ao tratamento com oxicodona de liberação prolongada comparado à morfina, em regime "se necessário" no manejo da dor pós artroplastia, sob as perspectivas dos sistemas de saúde público e privado, no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Um modelo de decisão foi desenvolvido para análisede dois cenários. Em ambos, os pacientes do grupo 1 receberam oxicodona de liberação prolongada e opioide de liberação imediata. Em relação ao grupo 2, no cenário 1, os pacientes receberam opioide de liberação imediata e, no cenário 2, opioide de liberação imediata e placebo. Custos foramobtidos a partir de listas de preços oficiais. No cenário 1, o horizonte temporal foi relativo ao período de tratamento de 3 semanas e, no cenário 2, determinado através do período de hospitalização. Taxas de desconto não foram aplicadas. Uma análise de sensibilidade univariada foi realizada para avaliar diferentes categorias hospitalares. RESULTADOS: No cenário 1, sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde público, os custos totais foram R$ 1.486 e R$ 1.520 por paciente tratado nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Na perspectiva do sistema de saúde privado, os custos totais foram R$ 3.132 e R$ 3.457 por paciente tratado nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. No cenário 2, sob perspectiva do sistema de saúde público, os custos totais foram R$ 3.299 e R$ 3.591 por paciente tratado nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Na perspectiva do sistema de saúde privado, os custos totais foram R$ 7.197 e R$ 8.181 por paciente tratado nos grupos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Na análise de sensibilidade univariada, todos os cenários avaliados continuaram consistentes e favoráveis à utilização da oxicodonade liberação prolongada. CONCLUSÃO: Por diminuir o tempo de hospitalização, a utilização da oxicodona de liberação prolongada pode ocasionar redução de custos totais do tratamento da dor em pacientes submetidos a artroplastia

OBJECTIVE: Many patients have severe pain after arthroplasty, which can result in loss of quality of life and considerable financial burden due to the cost of analgesic drugs, interventions and hospitalizations. The extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride is an opioid with similar action to morphine with proven efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. The objective of this study was to evaluate drug and hospitalizations costs for patients undergoing treatment with extended-release oxycodone comparedto morphine in a "if necessary" regime in the management of pain post-arthroplasty, from public and private health care systems perspectives in Brazil. METHODS: A decision model was developed to analyze two scenarios. In both, patients in group 1 received extended-release oxycodone and immediate-release opioid. Regarding group 2, in scenario 1, patients received immediate-release opioid and, in scenario 2, immediate-release opioid and placebo. Costs were obtained from official prices lists. In scenario1, time horizon was related to a 3-week treatment period and, in scenario 2, determined by the hospitalization period. Discount rates were not applied. Univariate sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate different hospital categories. RESULTS: In scenario 1, from the public perspective, total costs were 1,486 BRL and 1,520 BRL per patient treated in groups 1 and 2, respectively. From the private perspective, total costs were 3,132 BRL and 3,457 BRL per patient treated in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In scenario 2, from the public perspective, total costs were 3,299 BRL and 3,591 BRL per patient treated in groups 1 and 2, respectively. From the private perspective,total costs were 7,197 BRL and 8,181 BRL per patient treated in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In the univariate sensitivity analysis, all evaluated scenarios remained consistent and favorable to the use of extended-release oxycodone. CONCLUSION: By decreasing the length of hospital stay, extended-release oxycodone can result in reduction of total post-arthroplasty pain related costs

Medical resource use and cost of different first-line treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The availability of new chemotherapeutic agents have modified the treatment of mCRC over the years creating the need to evaluate the financial impact of treatment. The aim of this study was to establish and quantify the financial resources needed during the first-line treatment of mCRC in Brazil. METHODS: The authors began by reaching expert consensus using a modified Delphi panel with oncologists working at public and private services in Brazil. Costs were calculated using official databases and the microcosting technique. RESULTS: The panel reached consensus on six regimens used in the first-line treatment of mCRC, as well as the resources involved in the administration of these regimens. All the regimens contain either fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin or capecitabine, combined with either oxaliplatin or irinotecan. The analysis showed that, when compared with intravenous 5-FU/leucovorin, the cost of capecitabine was offset by administration costs. CONCLUSION: The panel concluded that regimens containing capecitabine, especially capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) are less expensive than those containing 5-FU/leucovorin. Given the comparable efficacy and good tolerability of the XELOX regimen, it may be an attractive choice for the first-line treatment of Brazilian patients with mCRC.

Cost-minimisation analysis of erlotinib in the second-line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a Brazilian perspective.

OBJECTIVE: A cost-minimisation and budget impact analysis of erlotinib versus docetaxel or pemetrexed as second-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Costs and budgetary impacts were estimated from the perspective of a Brazilian private healthcare payer, based on results of the BR.21 study of erlotinib and pivotal trials of docetaxel and pemetrexed. A 126-day timeframe was evaluated, based on the progression-free survival determined for erlotinib in BR.21. A Delphi panel identified local practices and associated costs in Brazil. Other costs accounted for included medical payments, pre- and post-chemotherapy medication and drug administration costs. Multivariate sensitivity analyses were performed, but given the short time frame used, discounting was not applied. RESULTS: Total costs were R$26,825 for erlotinib, R$42,284 for docetaxel and R$79,841 for pemetrexed. Cost savings with erlotinib were attributable to lower acquisition costs (R$26,795 vs. R$40,217 for docetaxel and R$78,911 for pemetrexed) and lower costs for the management of side effects. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. The budget impact analysis showed savings with erlotinib in the first year, ranging from R$3 million to R$28 million. CONCLUSION: Erlotinib is cost-saving over established chemotherapy in the second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC under the Brazilian private healthcare system.