ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ameliorative role of α-eleostearic acid and punicic acid, isomers of conjugated linolenic (CLnA) acid, against oxidative stress induced DNA damage. Male albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 and 2 were normal control and sodium arsenite treated (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW) control respectively. Group 3-6 were orally treated with different doses of two fatty acids (0.5% and 1.0% of total lipid given for each isomer) along with sodium arsenite (Sa; 10 mg/kg BW). Comet assay of blood leukocytes showed that administration of CLnA reduced DNA damage significantly (P<0.05) which was determined by tail DNA percent and olive tail moment. Results showed that activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma, liver and erythrocyte lysate decreased and activity of nitric oxide synthase in plasma and liver increased significantly due to oxidative stress generated by sodium arsenite. Administration of CLnA isomers restored all the altered parameters and also reduced lipid peroxidation and leakage of transaminase enzymes from liver to blood due to liver injury. α-Eleostearic acid was more efficient antioxidant than punicic acid against oxidative DNA damage.
Subject(s)
Arsenites/toxicity , DNA Damage , Sodium Compounds/toxicity , alpha-Linolenic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Comet Assay , Diet , Erythrocyte Membrane/drug effects , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Glutathione/metabolism , Isomerism , Leukocytes/drug effects , Leukocytes/ultrastructure , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/chemistry , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism , alpha-Linolenic Acid/chemistryABSTRACT
Enormous developments have taken place during the past few years in the field of Rabies prevention and control particularly rabies vaccines. Intra-dermal Rabies Vaccination (IDRV) has already emerged as a safe, ethical and cost-effective replacement. However appropriate dissemination of knowledge and implementation by medical fraternity is imperative for effective prevention and control of this fatal disease. Gaps were found in the knowledge of medical students regarding the newer rabies vaccines. This can be resolved to great extent by updating the undergraduate curriculum with the current control strategies used in this field.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Knowledge , Rabies Vaccines/immunology , Students, Medical , Curriculum , HumansABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy of alpha-eleostearic acid and punicic acid, two isomers of conjugated linolenic acid, in terms of normalization of altered biochemical parameters of oxidative stress following sodium arsenite treatment in rats. Animals were divided into four groups. The first group used as control. While, group 2, 3 and 4 were orally treated with alpha-eleostearic acid (0.5% of total lipid given) plus sodium arsenite (Sa; 10mg/kgBW), punicic acid (0.5% of total lipid given) plus sodium arsenite (Sa; 10mg/kg BW) and sodium arsenite (Sa; 10mg/kg BW), respectively. Results showed that activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly due to oxidative stress generated by sodium arsenite. Lipid peroxidation also increased due to sodium arsenite administration. alpha-Eleostearic acid and punicic acid acted as antioxidant and caused mostly all the altered parameters restored to normal level. Results also showed that antioxidant activity of alpha-eleostearic acid was more predominant than that of punicic acid.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Linolenic Acids/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Arsenites , Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Catalase/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipids/analysis , Liver/chemistry , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Sodium Compounds , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are anti-oxidant enzymes potentially used by the bacteria to neutralize macrophage microbicidal molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). OBJECTIVE: To investigate contribution of bacterial anti-oxidant enzymes in intracellular survival of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) within macrophages. MATERIALS: Murine peritoneal macrophages and S. aureus (CMC-524, ICH-629 and ICH-757). TREATMENT: 10(6) colony forming units (CFU) of the 90 minutes (min) intracellularly viable S. aureus were administered (i.v.) per mouse through 0.1 ml saline. METHODS: Anti-oxidant enzyme assay, phagocytic activity, H2O2 release, Zymography for catalase, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) level were estimated. One-way Model I ANOVA and one tail Student's t-test were performed. RESULTS: Survival of S. aureus was least after 90 min of reincubation within macrophages. Maximum amount of bacterial anti-oxidant enzymes were released after 90 min of re-incubation. H2O2 released after 90 min of re-incubation with S. aureus was maximum. Higher activity of catalase and SOD by S. aureus occurred in response to the gradual production of H2O2. Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha was also elevated 1h post infection. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial catalase and SOD combat reactive oxygen species enabling S. aureus to persist within macrophages, inducing local inflammation, causing greater induction of serum TNF-alpha and IL-6.
Subject(s)
Catalase/biosynthesis , Cytokines/metabolism , Macrophages/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/biosynthesis , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Catalase/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism , Male , Mice , Models, Biological , Stem Cells , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare and often fatal disease of infants and neonates. This is a case report of successful management of potentially fatal cutaneous fungal sepsis and use of tumescent technique to harvest a large skin graft with minimal blood loss in a premature neonate.
Subject(s)
Dermatomycoses/surgery , Infant, Premature, Diseases/surgery , Mucormycosis/surgery , Skin Transplantation/methods , Surgical Flaps , Dermatomycoses/pathology , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature, Diseases/pathology , Male , Mucormycosis/pathology , Necrosis , Sepsis/etiology , Sepsis/pathology , Sepsis/surgeryABSTRACT
Four cases of angiokeratoma of scrotum (Fordyce) in persons aged 30, 55, 50 and 58 years of 2, 5, 8 and 3 years duration respectively are reported. Three patients had fungal infection along with dermatitis while the other had piles and fissure. No abnormality was detected in systemic examination. Routine laboratory tests were normal. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. Each individual lesion was electrodessicated with no recurrence in 2 years of follow-up.
Subject(s)
Helminthiasis/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Protozoan Infections/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Eukaryota/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology , Female , Helminths/isolation & purification , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Rural HealthSubject(s)
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Population Surveillance , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Feces/parasitology , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , India/epidemiology , Infant , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/prevention & control , Male , Prevalence , Rural PopulationSubject(s)
Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Dermatitis, Seborrheic/drug therapy , Acne Vulgaris/chemically induced , Acne Vulgaris/etiology , Administration, Cutaneous , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Dermatitis, Seborrheic/etiology , Humans , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Tretinoin/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Parotid Neoplasms/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Despite the ubiquity and varied manifestations of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation in man, gastric ascariasis is rare. Herein, three patients are described all of whom presented with features of chronic intermittent gastric outlet obstruction caused by roundworms inhabiting the stomach. The ascarides were demonstrated in the stomach by radiology in two patients and by endoscopic examination in one. The possible explanations for the rarity of "gastric ascariasis" include the "housekeeping" peristaltic activity and the acid milieu of the stomach.