Comparison of Fat Transfer Combined with Plasma Energy and Only Fat Transfer Methods for Genital Rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: To compare the fat transfer combined with plasma energy and only fat transfer methods for genital rejuvenation and to investigate the efficacy enhancing properties of plasma energy. METHODS: Forty-six patients were equally divided into two groups according to the surgical method as the group A (n = 23) and the group B (n = 23). The patients in the group A received only fat transfer, while the patients in the group B received fat transfer combined with plasma energy. Both groups were scheduled for postoperative follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The lifting effect on the labia majora after the procedure was evaluated with photographs and patient satisfaction questionnaires including the female genital self-image scale (FGSIS). RESULTS: The mean age of all participants was 32.8 ± 5.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2. The mean preoperative FGSIS scores were similar between the groups (p = 0.542). The mean total FGSIS score was 18.8 ± 1.4 in the group A and 18.3 ± 1.5 in the group B in the preoperative period. However, the mean FGSIS scores at 1, 3, and 6 months were significantly higher in the group B than the group A (p = 0.032, p = 0.012, and p = 0.009, respectively). At 6 months of follow-up, the mean total FGSIS score was 20.7 ± 1.4 in the group A and 22.3 ± 1.5 in the group B, indicating a statistically significant difference (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: This novel technique is a more minimally invasive technique compared to other energy modalities with lower lateral and vertical energy dissipation than other conventional methods, and labia majora fat filling augmentation application can be performed with more permanent and longer-lasting outcomes than fat transfer only. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Efficacy of adjuvant capecitabine in residual triple negative breast cancer: a multicenter observational Turkish Oncology Group (TOG) study.

BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high rates of recurrence, especially in patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Capecitabine is being used as standard adjuvant treatment in residual TNBC. We aimed to investigate the real-life data regarding the efficacy of capecitabine in residual TNBC. DESIGN AND METHODS: In this retrospective multicenter study, TNBC patients with residual disease were evaluated. Patients, who received standard anthracycline and taxane-based NAC and adjuvant capecitabine were eligible. Overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and toxicity were analyzed. RESULTS: 170 TNBC patients with residual disease were included. Of these, 62.9% were premenopausal. At the time of analysis, the recurrence rate was 30% and death rate was 18%. The 3-year DFS and OS were 66% and 74%, respectively. In patients treated with adjuvant capecitabine, residual node positive disease stood out as an independent predictor of DFS (p = 0.024) and OS (p = 0.032). Undergoing mastectomy and the presence of T2 residual tumor was independent predictors of DFS (p = 0.016) and OS (p = 0.006), respectively. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of capecitabine was found lower compared to previous studies. Selected patients may have further benefit from addition of capecitabine. The toxicity associated with capecitabine was found lower than anticipated.

Intracerebroventricular injection of kisspeptin in male rats activates hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, but not hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.

Kisspeptin is an important hormone involved in the stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis. The HPG axis can be suppressed in certain conditions such as stress, which gives rise to the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the physiological role of kisspeptin in the interaction of HPG and HPA axis is not fully understood yet. This study was conducted to investigate the possible effects of central kisspeptin injection on HPG axis as well as HPA axis activity. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups as followed: sham (control), kisspeptin (50 pmol), P234 (1 nmol), kisspeptin + p234, kisspeptin + antalarmin (0.1 µg), kisspeptin + astressin 2B (1 µg), and kisspeptin + atosiban (300 ng/rat) (n = 10 each group). At the end of the experiments, the hypothalamus, pituitary, and serum samples of the rats were collected. There was no significant difference in corticotropic-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, and corticosterone levels among all groups. Moreover, no significant difference was detected in pituitary oxytocin level. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels of the kisspeptin, kisspeptin + antalarmin, and kisspeptin + astressin 2B groups were significantly higher than the control group. Serum testosterone levels were significantly higher in the kisspeptin kisspeptin + antalarmin, kisspeptin + astressin 2B, and kisspeptin + atosiban groups compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that central kisspeptin injection causes activation in the HPG axis, but not the HPA axis in male rats.

Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with driver mutant non-small cell lung cancer and de novo brain metastases.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases can be seen at a rate of 30% in advanced stages for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Growing evidence indicates the predictive roles of driver gene mutations in the development of brain metastases (BM) in recent years, meaning that oncogene-driven NSCLC have a high incidence of BM at diagnosis. Today, 3rd generation targeted drugs with high intracranial efficacy, which can cross the blood-brain barrier, have made a positive contribution to survival for these patients with an increased propensity to BM. It is important to update the clinical and pathological factors reflected in the survival with real-life data. A multi-center, retrospective database of 306 patients diagnosed with driver mutant NSCLC and initially presented with BM between between November 2008 and September 2022 were analyzed. The median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 12.25 months (95% CI, 10-14.5). While 254 of the patients received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), 51 patients received chemotherapy as first line treatment. The median intracranial PFS (iPFS) was 18.5 months (95% CI, 14.8-22.2). The median overall survival (OS) was 29 months (95% CI, 25.2-33.0). It was found that having 3 or less BM and absence of extracranial metastases were significantly associated with better mOS and iPFS. The relationship between the size of BM and survival was found to be non-significant. Among patients with advanced NSCLC with de novo BM carrying a driver mutation, long-term progression-free and overall survival can be achieved with the advent of targeted agents with high CNS efficacy with more conservative and localized radiotherapy modalities.

Effects of housing conditions on stress, depressive like behavior and sensory-motor performances of C57BL/6 mice.

BACKGROUND: The effects of housing conditions on animal physiology, behavior or stress are still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different housing systems, individually ventilated cages (IVC), classical small cages with floor surface area of 500 cm2 (CC500) and classical large cages with floor surface area of 800 cm2 (CC800) on body weight, sensory-motor performances, depression-like behavior, plasma corticosterone and brain oxidative stress parameters in C57BL/6 mice. The mice housed in one of the cages from birth to 6 months of age. Hang wire and adhesive removal tests were performed to evaluate somatosensory and motor performances. The extent of depression was determined by the forced swim test. Blood corticosterone levels were measured. In addition, brain malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were analyzed. RESULTS: The depression-like behavior of the groups was similar. Although there were no significant differences in hang wire test among groups, CC500 group required longer durations in adhesive removal test. The body weight and plasma corticosterone levels of CC800 group were significantly higher than other groups. The oxidative stress parameters were highest in CC500 cage. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the least stressful housing condition was IVC cage systems. Interestingly, the number of mice in the classical cages had a significant effect on stress levels and sensory-motor performance.

Oleuropein Has Modulatory Effects on Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation in Male Rats.

BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation induced by systemic inflammation is a risk factor for developing chronic neurologic disorders. Oleuropein (OLE) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effect on systemic inflammation-related neuroinflammation is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether OLE protects against systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in rats. METHODS: Six-wk-old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 1 of the following 5 groups: 1) control, 2) OLE-only, 3) LPS + vehicle, 4) OLE+LPS (O-LPS), and 5) a single-dose OLE + LPS (SO-LPS group). OLE 200 mg/kg or saline as a vehicle was administered via gavage for 7 d. On the seventh day, 2.5 mg/kg LPS was intraperitoneally administered. The rats were decapitated after 24 h of LPS treatment, and serum collection and tissue dissection were performed. The study assessed astrocyte and microglial activation using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD11b immunohistochemistry, nod-like receptor protein-3, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-17A, and IL-4 concentrations in prefrontal and hippocampal tissues via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total antioxidant/oxidant status (TAS/TOS) in serum and tissues via spectrophotometry. RESULTS: In both the O-LPS and SO-LPS groups, LPS-related activation of microglia and astrocytes was suppressed in the cortex and hippocampus (P < 0.001), excluding cortical astrocyte activation, which was suppressed only in the SO-LPS group (P < 0.001). Hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL-17A concentrations in the dentate gyrus were higher in the OLE group than those in the control group, but LPS-related increases in these concentrations were suppressed in the O-LPS group. The O-LPS group had higher cortical TAS and IL-4 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: OLE suppressed LPS-related astrocyte and microglial activation in the hippocampus and cortex. The OLE-induced increase in cortical IL-4 concentrations indicates the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. OLE may also modulate astrocyte and IL-17A functions, which could explain its opposing effects on hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity and IL-17A concentrations when administered with or without LPS.

Atezolizumab-induced myositis in a patient with small-cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Myositis, an inflammatory disease affecting muscles, is a rare and potentially fatal immune-related adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. There are limited data on its clinical features and management. CASE PRESENTATION: Atezolizumab, in combination with etoposide and carboplatin, was initiated in the patient diagnosed with metastatic small-cell lung cancer. After four cycles, maintenance atezolizumab was initiated. At the third visit of the maintenance therapy, the patient reported weakness, edema, and tightness in the muscles that had progressed over the course of a week. Mild solid-food dysphagia was also observed. Neutrophilic leukocytosis with elevated creatine phosphokinase (9234 U/L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (111 mm/h), and transaminase levels were observed. A diagnosis of myositis was considered based on clinical findings. Atezolizumab was omitted and an oral 0.5 mg/kg/day dose of methylprednisolone was administered. The myositis resolved within 10 days. During the treatment of myositis, the patient underwent prophylactic cranial irradiation. The steroid dose was tapered off within 35 days and then atezolizumab was restarted. CONCLUSION: The literature contains only a few case reports about atezolizumab-induced myositis, highlighting the challenges in defining its clinical features and management. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications, such as myocarditis or respiratory muscle paralysis.

Total aortic arch replacement without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in type A aortic dissection: Left axillar artery for arterial cannulation.

Objective: Total aortic arch replacement (TAR) necessitates hypothermic circulatory arrest (CA). The frozen elephant trunk technique (FET) additionally requires commercial hybrid grafts. Herein we describe a novel modified FET technique without CA using standard grafts thanks to left axillary artery (LAxA) cannulation in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. Methods: LAxA anastomosis is made first using a homemade debranching graft, and cardiopulmonary bypass is initiated, followed by anastomoses of left common carotid and innominate arteries. The rest of the operation is performed with complete cerebral perfusion. Following replacement of ascending aorta/root, cardiac reperfusion is started using a root cannula which continues throughout the procedure. Distal arch anastomosis is performed clamp-on, allowing lower body perfusion via left subclavian artery. Lower body perfusion is interrupted for 5 to 8 minutes to deploy an endograft to complete a modified FET. Following cannulation of distal arch graft, perfusion of distal aorta is restarted, and all three grafts are incorporated to construct a neo-ascending aorta and arch. Results: Between December 2018 and May 2022, 38 patients underwent TAR without operative mortality. Hospital mortality was %15.7, and spinal cord ischemia and stroke were not encountered in surviving patients. The mean lower body CA time was 7.2 ± 2.8 minutes. Conclusions: TAR using standard endografts without CA is possible with LAxA cannulation. To perform a FET, only a short interruption of lower body circulation is sufficient to deploy an endograft, also improving hemostasis of distal anastomosis. Further studies are required with a higher number of patients to evaluate the efficiency of this novel technique.

Assessing the scientific quality and reliability of YouTube videos about chemotherapy.

No studies have evaluated the interaction, quality, and reliability of chemotherapy-related videos published on YouTube. The aim was to evaluate the content of YouTube videos about chemotherapy using 5 different scoring tools. In this cross-sectional register-based study, popular videos on YouTube about the following keywords were examined; "chemotherapy," "what is chemotherapy," "types of chemotherapy," "chemotherapy side effects" and "chemotherapy treatments." Quality and reliability of video content were measured using the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Global Quality Score (GQS), the Video Information Quality Index (VIQI), and Health on the Net code (HONcode) scores. A total of 108 videos were analyzed in the study. The median duration was 200 (30-2020) seconds and the median total number of views was 17500 (61-8615000). Among the video publishers, private hospitals were the most (n = 36, 33%). The most (n = 71, 66%) populer category of videos were patient education videos. Half (n = 55, 51%) of the narrators in the videos were only oncology professionals. Mean DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, VIQI, and HONcode scores were 2.73 ± 1.18, 1.97 ± 1.05, 2.94 ± 1.08, 14.03 ± 3.73, and 4.68 ± 2.46, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the 5 scoring points (P < .001 for all pairwise comparisons). There was a significant difference between video quality scores according to video categories and video publishers (P < .001 for both). Although most YouTube videos about chemotherapy were helpful to patients, content quality and reliability were moderate-low. Cancer patients looking for information on chemotherapy may find YouTube videos beneficial, but clinicians must be cautious to clear up any misunderstandings.

Prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and pan-immune-inflammation value in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients who underwent 177Lu-PSMA-617.

This study is aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of inflammation indices, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients who had received lutetium labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (177Lu-PSMA-617) therapy. Sixty-one mCRPC patients who received 177Lu-PSMA-617 treatment and followed up in Kocaeli University were included. The relationship between overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and clinical and laboratory parameters was analyzed by multivariate analyses. The mean age was 69.8 ±â€…6.9 years. The mean follow-up time was 53.2 ±â€…24 months. The median OS was 14 (95% CI: 8.8-18.1) and the median PFS was 10.4 (95% CI: 4.7-17.2) months. NLR ≥ 2.7, PLR ≥ 134.27, SII ≥ 570.39, PIV ≥ 408.59 were considered as elevated levels. In the multivariate analysis for OS, baseline ECOG performance score (HR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-3.65, P = .046), high albümin (HR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.16-0.82, P = .015), primary resistant total prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) (HR: 4.37, 95% CI: 1.84-10.35, P = .001), high NLR (HR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.66-6.65, P = .001), high MLR (HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.35-4.76, P = .004), high PLR (HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.23-4.96, P = .01), and high SII (HR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.09-4.32, P = .027) were associated with shorter OS. However, PIV was not associated with survival (P = .69). No factor other than the primer-resistant PSA could be identified as having an impact on PFS (for the PSA, HR: 4.52, 95% CI: 1.89-10.76, P = .001). In this study, pretreatment NLR, MLR, PLR, and SII demonstrate as powerful independent prognostic indices predicting survival in patients with mCRPC receiving 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy.

Asbestos: Mineralogical features and fiber analysis in biological materials.

Asbestos is a mineral with unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly resistant to heat, fire, and corrosion. Nevertheless, exposure to asbestos fibers has been linked to serious health problems, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Despite the ban on asbestos usage, asbestos-related diseases are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Analyzing the mineralogical features and fiber analysis of asbestos in biological materials is critical for scenarios where an asbestos exposure history cannot be obtained, a clinical diagnosis cannot be made, or legal aspects necessitate further investigation. This review outlines the mineralogical features and fiber analysis techniques of asbestos in biological materials.

Are medical oncologists ready for the artificial intelligence revolution? Evaluation of the opinions, knowledge, and experiences of medical oncologists about artificial intelligence technologies.

The use of artificial intelligence technologies (AIT) in medicine is increasing worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the experiences, opinions, and future expectations of medical oncologists on artificial intelligence (AI). After the reliability and validity analyses were carried out by a pilot study, the main online questionnaire was sent to the members of the "Turkish Society of Medical Oncology" mail group by an invitation e-mail. The anonymized responses of the participants were analyzed. The median age of the 156 participants was 36 (34-43) years and half (51%) were male. Most (45%) were fellows. Forty-six percent were working in university hospitals, 56% were visiting 20-40 patients a day. Medical oncologists' view of AIT was mostly positive (78%). However, some (especially women) had doubts about the reliability of AI (44%) and the establishment of its ethical/legal basis (49%). Sixty-five percent of the participants had no/superficial knowledge about AI. More than half (55%) had never used AI-based applications in their academic or clinical work. However, unlike now, 80% of the participants believed that they would use AIT frequently in their practice in the future and it would be beneficial. The most anticipated (81%) benefit was real-time information processing and real-time access to big data. Sixty-two percent believed that information about AI should be in the education curriculum. The vast majority of respondents (79%) thought that AI would not completely replace medical oncologists in the future. Some differences were found in the perception and experience of oncologists according to age, gender, title, and the number of patients examined per day. About AI, the general opinion of medical oncologists was positive, but their level of knowledge and use was low. However, they thought they would use it frequently in future and needed training.

Investigation of the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of anionic textile dye, Remazol Red RB, with powder pumice, a sustainable adsorbent from waste water.

Excessive growth and abnormal use of dyes and water in the textile industry cause serious environmental problems, especially with excessive pollution of water bodies. Adsorption is an attractive, feasible, low-cost, highly efficient and sustainable technique in terms of green chemistry for the removal of pollutants from water. This study aims to investigate the removal kinetics, thermodynamics and adsorption mechanism of Remazol Red RB, which was chosen as a representative anionic reactive dye, from synthetic wastewater using powdered pumice, taking into account various experimental parameters such as initial dye concentration, adsorption time, temperature and pH. Moreover, to support the proposed adsorption mechanism, before and after adsorption of the samples, the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectra, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) diffractograms and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images were also taken and used. The results show that powder pumice can be an efficient adsorbent for anionic dye removal with a relatively high adsorption capacity of 38.90 mg/g, and it is very effective in 30-60 min in mild conditions. The experimental data showed a high agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation. In addition, thermodynamically, the process exhibited exothermic nature and standard isosteric enthalpy and entropy changes of -4.93 kJ/mol and 16.11 J/mol. K were calculated. It was determined that the adsorption mechanism was predominantly based on T-shaped pi-pi interactions and had physical characteristics.

NUTRISCORE Compared to NRS-2002 for Detection of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Cancer Patients; A Cross Sectional Study.

The most commonly recommended screening test for determining the nutritional status of hospitalized cancer patients is Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002). NUTRISCORE, on the other hand, is an outpatient cancer patient-specific nutritional screening test that is easier to administer than NRS-2002 and queries tumor location and treatment information received from the patient. We aimed to investigate the validity of NUTRISCORE, in hospitalized cancer patients. In total, 112 patients were enrolled in this study. The NRS 2002 and NUTRISCORE screening tests were performed. The data obtained with NUTRISCORE were compared to the reference test NRS-2002 using the κ test and ROC curve analysis. The NRS-2002 identified 45.5% of patients as being at risk of malnutrition, while the NUTRISCORE test identified 48.2% (k = 0.516, p < 0.005). The AUC value was 0.759 (95% CI:0.67-0.85) as shown in the ROC analysis. Using the NRS-2002 as a reference test, the sensitivity (S), specificity (SP), Positive Predictive (PPD), and Negative Predictive (NPD) values for the NUTRISCORE test were 76.5% (95% CI:63.7-86.6), 75.4% (95.CI:63.7-85), 72.2% (95% CI:59.4-83), 79%, (95% CI:67.7-88.3) respectively. NUTRISCORE can be used for screening of malnutrition in hospitalized cancer patients.

Treatment efficacy of ribociclib or palbociclib plus letrozole in hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Ribociclib, palbociclib and abemaciclib are currently approved CDK4/6 inhibitors along with aromatase inhibitors as the first-line standard-of-care for patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Methods: The authors report retrospective real-life data for 600 patients with estrogen receptor- and/or progesterone receptor-positive and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer who were treated with ribociclib and palbociclib in combination with letrozole. Results & conclusion: The results demonstrated that the combination of palbociclib or ribociclib with letrozole has similar progression-free survival and overall survival benefit in real life for the patient group with similar clinical features. Specifically, endocrine sensitivity may be a factor to be considered in the treatment preference.

Major and minor salivary gland cancers: A multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Most of the studies on salivary gland cancers are limited for various reasons such as being single-center, small number of patients, including only major or minor SGCs, or only including epidemiological data. METHODS: A total of 37 medical oncology clinics from different regions of Turkey participated in this retrospective-multicenter study. The analyzed data included clinical and demographical features, primary treatment, metastasis localizations, and treatments and includes certain pathologic features. RESULTS: The study included data from a total of 443 SGCs. 56.7% was in major salivary glands and 43.3% was in minor salivary glands. Distant metastasis in the major SGCs was statistically significantly more common than in the minor SGCs, locoregional recurrence was statistically significantly more common in the minor SGCs than in the major SGCs (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological information, metastasis and recurrence patterns, treatment modalities, and survival analysis of the patients over 20 years of follow-up are presented.

Adsorption of textile dyes from aqueous solutions onto clay: Kinetic modelling and equilibrium isotherm analysis.

The commercial activated carbon commonly uses to reduce of dye amount in the textile industry effluents. In this study has focused on the use of a natural clay sample as low cost but potential adsorbent. For this purpose the adsorption of commercial textile dyes, Astrazon Red FBL and Astrazon Blue FGRL, onto clay was investigated. The physicochemical and topographic characteristics of natural clay sample were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and cation exchange capacity measurements. It was determined that the major clay mineral was smectite with partial impurities. The effects of several operational parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process were evaluated. The adsorption kinetics was interpreted with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intra-particle diffusion models. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, and Temkin isotherm models. It was determined that the adsorption equilibrium was reached in the first 60 min for each dye. The amount of adsorbed dyes onto clay decreased with increasing temperature, similarly, it decreased with increasing sorbent dosage. The kinetic data were well described by pseudo-second order kinetic model, and adsorption equilibrium data was followed both Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson models for each dyes. The adsorption enthalpy and entropy values were calculated as -10.7 kJ.mol-1 and -13.21 J.mol-1.K-1 for astrazon red and those for astrazon blue -11.65 kJ.mol-1 and 37.4 J.mol-1.K-1, respectively. The experimental results support that the physical interactions between clay particles and dye molecules have an important role for the spontaneous adsorption of textile dyes onto the clay. This study revealed that clay could effectively be used as an alternative adsorbent with high removal percentages of astrazon red and astrazon blue.

Investigation of the effect of music listened to by patients with moderate dental anxiety during restoration of posterior occlusal dental caries.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized controlled study was to investigate the effect of music therapy during restorative dental treatments on patients with moderate dental anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients were determined to have moderate dental anxiety by the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and were divided randomly into two groups (n = 35). The first group did not listen to music during their restorative treatment (control group), and the second group listened to music of their choice (experimental group). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature were measured three times for each patient: once before the treatment, once after their dental caries were removed, and once at the end of the treatment. Salivary cortisol samples were taken from each patient before and after the treatment. The MDAS was re-administered to the patients at the end of the treatment, and the data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Only the diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.042) and the MDAS scores of the experimental group (P = 0.001) were significantly lower than the control group at the end of the treatment. CONCLUSION: While music listening did not have an effect on the physiologic parameters of the patients during restorative treatment, it decreased the MDAS scores of the patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although music therapy did not affect the physiological parameters during the restorative dental treatment, it may help to reduce patients' self reported anxiety level.

Mid-Term Results of Left Carotid-Subclavian Bypass in Patients Undergoing Zone 2 TEVAR.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to present the mid-term results of patients who had undergone a carotid-subclavian bypass surgery after a thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) stent-graft implantation with proximal landing at zone 2 of the aorta. METHODS: A total of 66 patients had undergone TEVAR and carotid-subclavian bypass between January 2015 and May 2020 at our clinic. Five of these patients were lost to follow-up, so 61 patients were included in this retrospective study. At follow-up visits, patency of the carotid-subclavian bypass grafts was evaluated with physical examination and radiological imaging. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 15.11±12.29 months (ranging from 1 to 56 months). There were 3 (4.91%) in-hospital deaths of patients admitted with bilateral lower limb and visceral malperfusion. There were also 2 (3.27%) deaths unrelated to the procedure. Carotid-subclavian graft occlusion occurred in 3 (4.91%) patients. The occlusion was detected with radiological imaging within a period of 12 to 24 months. The graft patency rate was 100% in the first 12 months. The mean graft patency time (survival) was 52.56±2.10 months. CONCLUSION: Periprocedural carotid-subclavian bypass surgery with synthetic grafts is a recommended procedure with high patency and acceptably low mortality and morbidity rates in TEVAR.