Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of different disinfectants on the biofilm formation in dental unit water systems using dip slide and conventional methods: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Biofilm formation in dental waterlines brings opportunistic infections, especially for immunosuppressive patients. This study aimed to determine biofilm-forming microorganisms by various methods and investigate disinfectants' effects on biofilm. MATERIALS & METHODS: In the study, samples were obtained from the waterlines of 10-15 aged six dental units, before (0 min.) and after chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) treatment (1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min.), and total colony counts were performed using conventional surface smear method (SSM) and dip slide method (DSM). The Congo red agar and Christensen methods were used to examine the biofilm-forming properties of the isolates. Monitoring of biofilm presence was also visualized by SEM scanning. RESULTS: When DSM and SSM are compared in all units where ClO2 and HOCl are applied, DSM can detect bacterial growth even during periods of greater exposure to disinfectant application. Although DSM can achieve a value approaching 3% even at the 10th minute in units treated with HOCl; SSM does not show reproduction at the same disinfectant exposure and duration; It was observed that in the units where ClO2 was applied, the growth was no longer observed at the 10th minute with DSM, and SSM, 50% growth in the first minute of the units treated with ClO2 could not be detected in the 5th minute. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that it can be advisable to routinely disinfect the dental unit water systems with non-toxic doses of ClO2 application before patient treatments in clinics and also to perform contamination controls at regular intervals with DSM, which is a sensitive and very practical method. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: It has been observed that the dip slide method can count bacteria more sensitively than conventional methods in dental water systems without the need for experienced personnel and equipment. The difference between biofilm formation in water systems before and after disinfectant exposure in SEM examinations is remarkable. The effects of ClO2 and HOCl on biofilm were investigated and bacterial growth was inhibited in dental units between 5 and 10 minutes with both disinfectants.

Comparison of efficacy and usability of custom mandibular advancement devices fabricated with the conventional method and digital workflow: A pilot clinical study.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of fabricating methods of custom monoblock mandibular advancement devices (MADs) on usability and efficacy in patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digitally fabricated custom MADs (dMADs) were produced for 11 OSA participants who had previously used conventionally fabricated custom MADs (cMADs). The participants answered a modified usability questionnaire for both MADs, and the average scores that were given to the questionnaire were evaluated by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), and the scores of cMADs and dMADs were compared. After 6 months of usage of each MAD, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), mean and lowest oxygen saturations, and total sleep time were measured for efficacy assessment. Data were analyzed with Cronbach's alpha, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon signed-rank, one-way repeated measures analyses of variance, and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha was found at 0.834 and 0.722 for the conventional and digital questionnaires, respectively. The usability scores of the dMADs were significantly higher than those of cMADs (p = 0.013). There was no difference in usability scores in terms of sex or BMI (p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found for cMAD (p = 0.113) among age groups; however, there was a significant difference for dMAD (p = 0.046). The AHI, mean, and lowest oxygen saturation values were significantly affected by MAD usage (p < 0.001). However, total sleep time values did not differ after the MAD treatments (p > 0.05). Significantly lower AHI and significantly higher lowest oxygen saturation values were observed with dMAD, while both appliances led to similar results for mean oxygen saturation and total sleep time values (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Participant usability scores were higher for digitally manufactured MADs than conventionally manufactured MADs. However, both conventional and digital MADs were found effective in decreasing the AHI levels and increasing the mean and lowest oxygen saturation values of the participants.

Attachment and emotional regulation: examining the role of prefrontal cortex functions, executive functions, and mindfulness in their relationship.

Attachment is a prominent area of psychological research, with its relevance linked to executive functions, mindfulness, and emotional regulation. The purpose of this study is to examine this relationship among these aforementioned four constructs and propose a model to be tested in the future. Based on the current trends using the Interpersonal Neurobiology approach, which assumes prefrontal cortex functions to include other socioemotional resources such as empathy, morality, insight, behavior, and body regulation. Our study included prefrontal cortical functions alongside executive functions. The assessment instruments used were Attachment-Based Cognitive Representations Scale, Prefrontal Cortex Functions Scale, Webexec, Five Facet Mindfulness Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. We hypothesized that attachment would be the strongest predictor of emotional regulation. The participants in the study were 539 college students (mean = 20.21; sd = 1.57); (68% female and 32%, male). Our a priori research hypothesis was supported, with an additional finding that trait mindfulness was also a significant predictor. The strongest correlations with attachment styles were with trait mindfulness and emotional regulation. We conducted path analyses of two different models for secure and insecure attachment. The path analyses showed that secure attachment scores were negatively related, and insecure attachment scores were positively related to difficulties in emotional regulation scores. Furthermore, trait mindfulness and prefrontal cortex functions also mediated this relationship. However, there was no significant relationship between executive functions and difficulties in emotional regulation scores, even though it was significantly related to attachment. Results and implications are discussed.

A New Attachment Assessment Tool: Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale (ABMRS). / Baglanma Ölçümü için Yeni Bir Araç: Baglanma Temelli Zihinsel Temsiller Ölçegi (BTZTÖ).

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to develop a new assessment tool to measure attachment. METHOD: The study consisted of six stages. Initially, in order to develo an itm pool, the current attachment literature and measuring tools were examined. The clarity of the items and the face validity were evaluated with a group of 20 'judges'. The draft scale was given to 307 individuals, using the Brief Symptom Inventory as a criterion measure. Selection of the items was completed with factor analyses, and the resulting 33 item scale was named, "Attachment-Based Mental Representation Scale" (ABMRS). Later, with a sample of 407 individuals, the reliability and validity analyses of this 33item scale were conducted, using different criteria measures namely, Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory, The Parental Bonding Instrument, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Stress Audit Scale. Then, the test-retest reliability was investigated with a new sample of 60 individuals. With the addition of 7 more items, the Scale was administred to 283 people to investigate the psychometric properties. Lastly, the new 40-item Scale, with the items written in a mixed order, was applied to a different sample of 264 participants, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The scale has a six-dimensional structure, and it has been observed that the reliability coefficients of the dimensions vary between 0.72 and 0.86. These sub-dimensions can be grouped together and evaluated as "Secure Attachment" and "Insecure Attachment". CONCLUSION: It can be argued that the ABMRS validly and reliably measures the attachment phenomenon with various dimensions for Turkish culture.

Fabricating a custom monoblock mandibular advancement device by using an open-source nondental CAD software program and additive manufacturing: A dental technique.

Custom mandibular advancement devices (MADs) can be fabricated by using either conventional processes or computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM). The CAD-CAM technique involves digitizing the dental arches of the patients, designing by using a dental CAD software program, and additive manufacturing with a suitable material. This article describes the steps of the design of a custom MAD by using an open-source nondental CAD software program and of the fabrication with additive manufacturing.

COVID-19 disruption on college students: Academic and socioemotional implications.

Objective: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic represents an acute worldwide public health crisis causing an immediate disruption to every demographic group. One group significantly affected both educationally and psychosocially is college students, as they experienced an abrupt cancellation of in-person courses, were forced to leave their dormitories, and witnessed a loss of social activities. Method: This study utilizes survey data from college students in the throes of COVID-19-based home schooling collected for a Belgium-based international study including more than 134,000 participants from 28 countries around the world. Two hundred fifty-seven college students from a U.S. university participated in this study. Results: Results indicate that college students are affected by COVID-19 on several levels, including fear of themselves or others in their social network contracting the virus, apprehension about the changes in coursework delivery and unclear instructional parameters, overall loneliness, compromised motivation, and sleep disturbances, as well as anxious and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Analyses reveal a positive relationship between academic frustrations and mental health symptoms, the latter also negatively related to trust in the government regarding the preventive measures being implemented. Worries about becoming infected were positively related to mental health symptoms and negatively related to trust in the government. Results and implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The Mediating Role of Self-Concept and Coping Strategies on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Perceived Stress.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of attachment style, self-concept, and coping strategies, in order to explain the differences in perceived stress factors and stress symptoms, in a mediation model. Participants were 515 university students (302 female and 213 male) aged 17-28 years. The assessment instruments were: Social Comparison Scale, Ways of Coping Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-II, Brief Symptom Inventory and University Students Stress Factors Scale. The results indicated that the effect of anxious attachment on perceived stress factors and stress symptoms was partially mediated by self-concept and coping styles. Our findings revealed that the level of anxious attachment is an important factor to explain perceived stress and stress-related variables.

[The role of interpersonal style, self perception and anger in sexual dysfunction]. / Cinsel Islevlerdeki Sorunlarda Kisilerarasi Tarz, Kendilik Algisi ve Öfkenin Rolü.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between interpersonal style, self concept, and anger in the context of sexual dysfunction. METHOD: The sample consisted of males and females diagnosed as having sexual dysfunction (N=95) and males and females without a diagnosis of any kind of psychological disorder (N=95). The age range was between 18-53. The participants were given a detailed Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Interpersonal Styles Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Multidimensional Anger Scale, Social Comparison Scale and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). RESULTS: The results showed that the two groups had significantly different scores on all of the measures, including their sub-scales. The regression analyses of the two groups revealed that for all of the participants, males and females, patients and non-patients, the GRISS scores could be significantly predicted by self-perception, satisfaction with life and relationships. These three variables were the common variables that predicted the GRISS scores regardless of sex. However, the specific predictive variable for the GRISS scores of the female patients, in addition to the three common variables, was vindictive anger reactions. For the non-patient females, these additional variables were belittling and insensitive interpersonal styles. On the other hand, for the male patients, the scores on the GRISS could be significantly predicted by the belittling interpersonal style and aggressive anger reactions, along with the three common variables listed above. For the non-patient males, the additional variable was avoidant interpersonal style. CONCLUSION: The above results indicate that sexual dysfunctions can be explained in part by the interpersonal style and anger management deficits of the patients. It is suggested that the addition of anger-management, and interpersonal communication skills training courses into the treatment protocol of sexual dysfunction disorders would be beneficial.

Stress, self-perception and interpersonal style in patients with physical illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the role of self-perception, interpersonal style, and anger in the context of stress in patients with physical illnesses, including coronary artery disease, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological disorders, and diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample included patients with physical illnesses (n = 124) and healthy controls (n = 209). Symptoms of stress, self-perception, interpersonal style, and anger were evaluated using the Stress Symptoms Scale, Social Comparison Scale, Interpersonal Style Scale, and Multidimensional Anger Questionnaire, respectively. The role of self-perception, interpersonal style, and anger in stress experienced in the patients and controls was compared. RESULTS: The patients had higher stress symptoms, perceived themselves more negatively, had more problematic interpersonal styles, and more intense anger than the controls. The higher stress symptoms in the patients and the lower symptoms in the controls was predicted by 4 common variables¾dissatisfaction with life, dissatisfaction with interpersonal relationships, negative self-perception, and aggressive expression of anger. Another predictive variable in the psychosomatic group was age, whereas in the control group gender and internalized anger were predictive variables. CONCLUSION: As the physical illnesses had by those in the patient group are stress-related, inclusion of psychosocial interventions in treatment protocols, such as communication skills, and stress and anger management training, and interventions aimed at increasing a positive self-perception might improve their QoL.

[The relationship between depression, and interpersonal style, self-perception, and anger]. / Kisilerarasi Tarz, Kendilik Algisi, Öfke ve Depresyon.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms, and self-concept, interpersonal style, and anger in a group of patients diagnosed with depression and a control group that included volunteers without clinical symptoms. METHOD: The study included 64 patients (patient group) diagnosed with depression according to DSM IV and 71 volunteers (comparison group) without a psychiatric diagnosis. The participants were given a questionnaire to collect data on their demographic characteristics and life circumstances, along with the Interpersonal Style Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Multidimensional Anger Scale, Social Comparison Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: T-test comparisons showed that the patient group had significantly higher negative interpersonal style scores, higher anger, and more negative self-perception. The results of regression analysis showed that the severity of depression in the patient group could be predicted by aggressive and internalized anger, dissatisfaction with interpersonal relationships, and negative self-perception. The less severe depressive symptoms in the comparison group was predicted by lower level of education, dissatisfaction with life in general, and a positive self-perception. CONCLUSION: Among both the patient and comparison groups, the depressive symptoms they experienced were closely related to how they perceived themselves, their life in general, and their interpersonal relationships. We therefore hypothesize that anger plays a significant role in the transformation of depressive symptoms into full-blown depression.

[The relationship between cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, coping and stress symptoms in the context of type A personality pattern]. / A Tipi Kisilik Orüntüsünde Bilissel ve Duygusal Zekânin Stresle Basa Cikma ve Stres Belirtileri ile Iliskisi.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationships between cognitive and emotional intelligence, coping and stress symptoms in the context of Type A personality pattern. METHOD: The Raven Progressive Matrices, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Ways of Coping Inventory, Stress Symptoms Scale, and Type A Personality Scale were administered to 271 university students. Two groups, Type As and Type Bs were created according to the Type A Personality Scale scores and were compared in terms of their scores on the other scales that were administered. RESULTS: Our analyses showed that stress symptoms were negatively correlated with effective coping, stress management, and general mood dimensions of the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. They were also positively correlated with ineffective coping and Type A behaviors. Being female also significantly predicted stress symptoms. When the participants were grouped according to Type A Personality Scale scores as Type As and Type Bs, the regression analysis showed that the stress symptoms of Type As were significantly predicted by the insufficient use of effective coping styles and deficiencies in the general mood component of emotional intelligence, whereas the stress symptoms of Type Bs were predicted by the insufficient use of effective coping styles, overuse of ineffective coping styles, and increase in the intrapersonal abilities component of emotional intelligence. CONCLUSION: Stress symptoms can be related to the variables associated with personality styles. It is suggested that stress management programs for Type As should include exercises that increase emotional intelligence, especially the components of drawing pleasure from their life situation, being more positive, hopeful and optimistic.

[Locus of control and self-concept in interpersonal conflict resolution approaches]. / Kisilerarasi Catisma Cözme Yaklasimlarinda Kendilik Algisi ve Kontrol Odagi.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-concept and locus of control in interpersonal conflict resolution approaches and to determine the predictors of conflict resolution approach choices. METHOD: The study included 345 students aged between 18 and 28 years that were studying at universities in Ankara. Data were collected using the Interpersonal Conflict Resolution Approaches Scale to measure conflict resolution approaches, the Social Comparison Scale to measure self-concept, and the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale to measure locus of control. RESULTS: It was observed that confrontation approach to interpersonal conflict was predicted by self-concept (beta = 0.396, P < 0.001) Moreover, self-concept was related to self-disclosure (beta = 0.180, P < 0.01) and emotional expression (beta = 0.196, P < 0.001) approaches. Locus of control played a role in the choice of all resolution approaches. In addition to these findings, it was observed that females used self-disclosure (beta = -0.163, P < 0.01) and emotional expression (beta = -0.219, P < 0.001), while males used approach (beta = 0.395, P < 0.001) and public behavior (beta = 0.270, P < 0.001) approaches in the resolution processes. DISCUSSION: Self-concept and locus of control were related to the behaviors adopted in the interpersonal conflict resolution process. Individuals with a positive self-concept and an internal locus of control adopted solutions to interpersonal conflict resolution that were more effective and constructive.

Debriefing with teachers after the Marmara earthquake: an evaluation study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the debriefing meetings conducted after the 1999 earthquakes in Marmara, Turkey. The sample consisted of 265 teachers, 223 of whom attended the debriefing meetings. The personal satisfaction ratings of the teachers who attended the meetings revealed that they found the sessions satisfactory. The results of the comparison between those who reported that they benefited from the meetings and those who felt they did not indicated that the first group had lower scores on all of the psychopathology measures. A comparison between 42 teachers who did not attend the meetings and a randomly chosen group of 45 teachers who did attend revealed that the two groups differed significantly in terms of their post-traumatic stress symptom scores. The findings of the study suggest that, in general, the teachers' debriefing sessions were satisfactory.

[Testing the probability of a model to predict suicide risk in high school and university students]. / Lise ve Universite Ogrencilerinde Intihar Riskini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Modelin Sinanmasi.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of a model proposed by Batigün and Sahin regarding suicide probability. METHOD: The sample was composed of 2343 students aged 15-25 years that were attending various high schools and universities. According to the proposed model, 2 risk groups were formed from this sample, according to their scores on the investigation variables (those that simultaneously received high scores 1 standard deviation above the mean on the Problem Solving Inventory, Multidimensional Anger Scale, and Impulsivity Scale). Two other risk groups were formed according to the criteria variable scores (suicide probability scores 1 standard deviation above and below the mean). A series of analyses were conducted to investigate the similarity between the model risk groups and criteria risk groups. RESULTS: The results reveal that the model had a 43.3% success rate for predicting those with high suicide probability, while the false negative rate was 0%. Discriminant analysis showed that the model correctly discriminated 90.2% of those with low suicide probability and 87.3% of those with high suicide probability. CONCLUSION: The results support the validity of the proposed model for selecting individuals with high suicide probability. In addition, the model can be used to offer these individuals certain preventive measures, such as problem solving, communication skills, and anger management training.

Rehabilitation of a marginal mandibulectomy patient using a modified neutral zone technique: a case report.

Anterior edentulous areas usually display unusual soft tissue configurations and compromised bone support in patients with marginal mandibulectomy. There are several treatment modalities for these patients. A removable partial denture may be the treatment of choice. Maximum stability of the partial denture base for mandibulectomy patients may be accomplished by the application of the neutral zone concept, which helps providing stability to the base. This case report describes the fabrication of a removable partial denture for a patient with marginal mandibulectomy using a modified neutral zone technique.

Psychological symptoms of Turkish children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquake: exposure, gender, location, and time duration.

The authors describe their study of posttraumatic stress symptoms of children and adolescents after the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. The rate of possible PTSD cases is also presented. The findings are reported as the results of two different studies. Location had a main effect on almost all of the dependent variables for both samples. The posttraumatic stress symptom scores for both groups significantly decreased 3 months after the initial assessment. The best predictors of the perceived posttraumatic stress symptoms for both children and adolescents were found to be perceived negative school performance and exposure.

Rehabilitation of a marginal mandibulectomy patient using a modified neutral zone technique: a case report

Anterior edentulous areas usually display unusual soft tissue configurations and compromised bone support in patients with marginal mandibulectomy. There are several treatment modalities for these patients. A removable partial denture may be the treatment of choice. Maximum stability of the partial denture base for mandibulectomy patients may be accomplished by the application of the neutral zone concept, which helps providing stability to the base. This case report describes the fabrication of a removable partial denture for a patient with marginal mandibulectomy using a modified neutral zone technique.

Areas anteriores edêntulas apresentam configurações incomuns de tecido mole e suporte ósseo comprometido em pacientes submetidos a mandibulectomia marginal. Há diversas modalidades de tratamento para estes pacientes. A instalação de uma prótese parcial removível pode ser o tratamento de escolha. Máxima estabilidade da base da prótese parcial para pacientes submetidos a mandibulectomia pode ser obtida pela aplicação do conceito da zona neutra, o que auxilia na estabilização da base. Este relato de caso descreve a fabricação de uma prótese parcial removível em um paciente com mandibulectomia marginal utilizando uma modificação da técnica da zona neutra.

[Two scales for job stress and psychological health investigation: type-A personality and job satisfaction]. / Is Stresi ve Saglik Psikolojisi Arastirmalari Için Iki Olçek: A-Tipi Kisilik ve Is Doyumu.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the psychometric properties of two instruments developed to measure Type-A behaviors and job satisfaction, two important variables mentioned in the stress literature. METHOD: The data were collected from two different samples, one composed of 426 bank personnel, the other composed of 94 adults working in a private company. The findings are presented separately under the titles Study I and Study II. In both of the studies the assessment instruments used were: Stress Audit (Symptoms), Stress Audit (Vulnerability), Stress Coping Behaviors, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Type-A Behaviors Inventory. RESULTS: For both of the instruments, the studies were based on factor analyses. For Type-A Behaviors Inventory the analyses revealed 4 factors, while for Job Satisfaction Scale they revealed 6 factors. The factor subscales developed from these factors were found to have satisfactory Cronbach's alphas. For Type-A Behaviors Inventory they ranged between .40 and .90; whereas for Job Satisfaction Inventory these values were between .53 and .94. Both studies also included correlational analyses to specify the criterion validity values of the two instruments. CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that both of the instruments had satisfactory psychometric values, indicating that they can be reliably used in health psychology and job stress studies.

The fabrication of cast metal guidance flange prostheses for a patient with segmental mandibulectomy: a clinical report.

Deviation of the mandible toward the resected side is dependent upon the amount of soft and hard tissue resected, the method of surgical site closure, the degree of impaired tongue function, the presence and condition of teeth, the loss of proprioceptive sense of occlusion, and the timing of prosthodontic therapy. Prosthodontic therapy combined with physical therapy may be beneficial for reducing and minimizing mandibular deviation. This clinical report describes the fabrication of cast metal guidance flange prostheses. The supporting flanges assist in controlling mandibular deviation and coordinate masticatory movements for a patient following a segmental mandibulectomy.

[Multidimensional anger scale]. / Cok boyutlu ofke olçegi.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new and original scale which can measure anger on a multidimensional level. METHOD: In the first phase of this study, 2 pilot studies were conducted. The first pilot study was conducted on a sample of 60 individuals to develop an item pool. A second pilot study was conducted with another group of 148 individuals using a 429 item scale that was developed from this item pool. After the item analyses, a 158 item 'Multidimensional Anger Scale' (MAS) was derived for use in the second phase of the study to investigate the psychometric properties of the instrument. In the second phase reliability and validity analyses of this scale with 5 dimensions, Anger symptoms, Anger eliciting situations, Anger related cognitions, Anger reactions and Interpersonal Anger, were conducted on a sample of 756 individuals. RESULTS: Psychometric analysis of the scale showed that it possessed adequate internal consistency (alpha coefficients between 0,64 and 0,95). The validity of the scale was supported by the expected pattern of relations with other inventories (Brief Symptom Inventory and Guilt and Shame Scale). CONCLUSION: Multidimensional Anger Scale, for Turkish culture, may be suggested as a valid and reliable scale to measure anger in different dimensions.