ABSTRACT
Toys entering the marketplace may have unrecognized hazard risks until data on injury become known. The fidget spinner is a new popular toy mass marketed to children and is primarily sold without warning labels. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission has recently issued a formal statement on potential safety concerns related to ingestion of the toy parts and other hazards. Button batteries within this toy pose the greatest danger to children as ingestion can lead to lethal injury. We report 2 cases of children who swallowed a button battery from a fidget spinner, causing severe esophageal injury. Various aspects of this type of ingestion important for clinicians to be aware of are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Electric Power Supplies/adverse effects , Esophagus/injuries , Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Play and Playthings/injuries , Child, Preschool , Eating , Esophagoscopy/methods , Esophagus/diagnostic imaging , Female , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , MaleABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Electrolyte-free polyethylene glycol powder (PEG-3350) has been widely used for colonoscopy preparation (prep); however, limited safety data on electrolyte changes exists with 1-day prep regimens. The primary aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with significant serum chemistry abnormalities before and at the time of colonoscopy. Secondary aims included evaluation of prep tolerance and bowel cleansing efficacy. METHODS: We performed a prospective descriptive observational study of pediatric patients scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy who received our standard 1-day, weight-based 4 g/kg PEG-3350 prep with a single stimulant laxative dose and had serum chemistry testing within 60 days before and at the time of colonoscopy. A standardized bowel cleanliness tool (Aronchick scale) was completed by the endoscopist. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-five patients had serum electrolytes data pre- and postprep. Comparison of each patient's chemistries demonstrated statistical equivalence with the 1 exception of blood urea nitrogen levels (Pâ=â0.56). Hypokalemia was detected postprep in 37 subjects (24%), but none had a serum level <3.3 mmol/L, which was deemed to be of no clinical significance. Five patients were hypoglycemic post prep; 3 were 7 years or younger (Pâ=â0.02). The colon cleanliness rating was excellent or good in 77% and suboptimal in 23% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-day, weight-based PEG-3350 bowel prep in children appears safe. Changes in electrolyte levels and renal function were not clinically significant. Children of 7 years or younger seem to be at a higher risk of hypoglycemia compared with older children.
Subject(s)
Colonoscopy , Electrolytes/blood , Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage , Surface-Active Agents/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Child , Child Health Services , Child, Preschool , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Duodenal hematoma (DH) is a rare complication of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with duodenal biopsy and uncommon, but better described following blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). We aimed to describe DH incidence and investigate risk factors for DH development post-EGD and compare its features to those post-BAT. METHODS: Multiple electronic databases were searched for the diagnosis of DH from 2000 to 2012. Inclusion criteria were patients 0 to 21 years of age who developed a DH following EGD with biopsy or BAT. Exclusion criteria were DH secondary to any other mechanism, EGD performed at another medical center, and insufficient information in the electronic medical record to determine treatments or outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 14 post-EGD and 15 post-BAT patients with DH were included in the study. There were 26,905 EGDs with duodenal biopsies performed during the study period, for an incidence of 1:1922 procedures. Thirteen of 14 (93%) post-EGD DH events occurred between 2007 and 2012 (Pâ<â0.001). The proportion of procedures performed under general anesthesia versus moderate sedation, and performed in the supine position versus left lateral decubitus were close to but did not reach statistical significance. DH-related complications and time to hematoma resolution was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a 13-year study period, 14 patients developed DH after EGD, for an incidence of 1:1922. Method of sedation and supine positioning of the patient during endoscopy warrant further investigation as potential risks. The clinical course and time to recovery with conservative management are similar between patients with EGD and BAT-induced DH.