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Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a routinely used imaging modality for pre-treatment radiologic evaluation of tongue carcinoma, providing accurate information regarding the extent of the disease. Aims and objectives: To investigate the role of MRI-derived depth of invasion and tumor thickness evaluation in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, and to assess if any correlation exists between depth of invasion, tumor thickness, nodal metastasis, muscles, and space involved. Materials and methods: Thirty-three patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who had undergone pre-treatment MRI and excisional biopsy were included. The tumor thickness (TT) and depth of invasion (DOI) were evaluated on MRI and histopathologic images. Result: The relation between different methodologies for assessing showed a very high correlation for the tumor tissue thickness (r = 0.99, p < 0.05) and depth of invasion (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). The tumor thickness and the depth of invasion increased with the loss of differentiation in the carcinoma histopathologically. As the depth of invasion increases, the extent of the spread of the carcinoma to tongue musculature, lingual septum, and spaces also increases. Conclusion: The present study has depicted a high correlation between the tumor thickness and the depth of invasion between MRI and histopathological findings and is the first of its kind to correlate DOI to the invasiveness of the disease.
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The objective was to evaluate the association of the immunoexpression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers with clinicopathological and survival outcomes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis [PROSPERO (CRD42021226791)] included observational studies that compared the association of clinicopathological and survival outcomes with CSC immunoexpression in TSCC patients. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used as outcome measures. Six studies identified the association with three surface markers (c-MET, STAT3, CD44) and four transcription markers (NANOG, OCT4, BMI, SOX2). The odds of early-stage presentation were 41% (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.83) and 75% (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.14-0.45) lower in CSC and SOX2 immuno-positive cases than immuno-negative cases, respectively. The odds of well-differentiated tumors in transcription marker immuno-positive cases were 45% lower compared to immuno-negative cases (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.96). The odds of positive lymph nodes were 2.01 times higher in CSC immuno-positive cases compared to immuno-negative cases (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.11-3.65). Mortality in immuno-positive cases was 121% higher than that in immuno-negative cases (HR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.16-4.21). Advanced tumor staging and grading, lymph node metastasis, and mortality were significantly associated with positive immunoexpression of CSC markers.
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Aim: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a relatively new versatile dental material. MTA has many advantages as well as disadvantages. To reduce most of the drawbacks of MTA, a premixed bioceramic MTA, NeoPutty MTA, was introduced in 2020. In this study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of the newer MTA, NeoPutty MTA. We modified NeoPutty MTA and compared both against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: Using the agar diffusion method, NeoPutty MTA was tested for antibacterial activity against the above-mentioned microorganisms. A base layer of Petri plates was done using Muller-Hinton agar for S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa and brain heart infusion agar for E. faecalis. A total of 32 plates were employed; the plates were divided randomly into four test groups having eight plates each, so microorganisms were tested eight times. Three cavities were made in agar and filled with freshly mixed materials after 24 h. A pour plate seeded the microorganisms. The plates were pre-incubated for 2 h at room temperature and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. An independent observer measured the inhibition zone diameters. Results: NeoPutty MTA, when tested alone, did not show much antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, S. aureus, and E. coli but had significant antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa when used at different concentrations. Modified NeoPutty (NeoPutty with antibiotics added individually) showed significant antibacterial activity against these microorganisms, as seen by the zone of inhibition of these bacteria. Conclusion: Modified NeoPutty with antibiotics has a better antimicrobial effect than NeoPutty MTA.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address whether age can be a determinant of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence, distant metastasis (DM) and second primary (SP) in surgically treated oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC). A total of 4981 cases and 44254 controls from 25 comparative observational studies were included in the analysis. A significantly better OS (matched subgroup analysis: OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.31-2.04, overall analysis: OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.09-2.01) was observed in young patients compared to older adults, with heterogeneity ranging from moderate to severe. Worse DFS (unmatched subgroup analysis OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.68) was observed in young patients compared to older adults with minimal to moderate heterogeneity. The frequency of recurrence (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.10-2.02) and DM (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.10-3.03) was significantly higher in the young patients, as found in unmatched and matched subgroup analysis, with the least heterogeneities. Young age can be considered as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and distant metastases in OOP-SCC. Larger and methodologically robust observational studies with longer follow-up are needed to establish the definitive role of age as an independent prognostic factor on OS and DFS in OOPSCC.
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OBJECTIVE: The role of tumour thickness (TT), depth of invasion (DOI) from two different reference points (TT2 and TT3), perineural invasion (PNI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were evaluated to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Reference points for measuring the DOI were suggested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissues of excisional biopsy cases diagnosed as OSCC were sectioned and stained in haematoxylin and eosin to study variables like TT1, TT2, TT3, PNI and LVI. Out of total 150 cases collected for the study, 136, 123 and 149 cases were qualified for analysis of TT1, TT2 and TT3 respectively. The association with LNM was studied using chi square test of independence. A binary logistic regression model (BLC) was developed to indicate high-risk cases. RESULTS: Receiver operating curve analysis suggested an optimum cut-off value. A significant correlation of TT1 (> 8.64, RR = 1.642, p = 0.018) and TT2 (> 7.64, RR = 2.041, p = 0.016), PNI (p = 0.028) and LVI (p = 0.000) were found with LNM. A mathematical model was suggested as Z = - 1.866 + 0.101TT2 + 2.106VI + e, where Z = log [(p/(1 - p)] p = probability of the case experiencing the event of interest. CONCLUSION: With the suggestion of a standardised reference point to measure DOI for the first time, this study has shown an association of TT1, TT2, PNI and LVI with LNM in Indian Population. The mathematical model can help in identifying high-risk cases in OSCC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Such studies would offer avenues for the pre-surgery assessment of depth of invasion and tumour thickness before performing neck dissection, thereby decreasing morbidity.
Subject(s)
Mouth Neoplasms , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Mesenchymal neoplasms of salivary gland including adipocytes are relatively uncommon entity classified as monophasic and biphasic. Sialolipoma, a biphasic mesenchymal salivary gland neoplasm, with a prominent vascularity designated as sialoangiolipoma (SAL) is a recently discussed entity with debates on the hamartomatous nature of the lesion. We have endorsed the hamartomatous nature through evaluating the immunoexpression of Ki-67 and endoglin in SAL in hard palate of a 60-year-old patient. To the best of our knowledge, this would be the second case of SAL in hard palate in a global platform.
