ABSTRACT
Background: Nab-paclitaxel is formulated to address several limitations of paclitaxel. Methods: A systematic review was done of several databases and a meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel in metastatic gastric cancer (MGC). Results: Included studies revealed that nab-paclitaxel provides a 30.4% overall response rate and 65.7% disease control rate in MGC patients. The overall survival was 9.65 months and progression-free survival was 4.48 months, associated with the treatment line and regimen. The highest incidence of grade 3 and higher treatment-related adverse events was for neutropenia (29.9%). Conclusion: Nab-paclitaxel provides better disease response and longer survival with manageable side effects in MGC compared with paclitaxel.
Subject(s)
Stomach Neoplasms , Humans , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Paclitaxel/adverse effects , Albumins/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is now known to be similar in various geographical regions, but there has been no study directly comparing characteristics of patients with IBS between populations. AIMS: To evaluate clinical and psychological differences between adults with IBS seen in secondary care in the United Kingdom (UK) and Malaysia. METHODS: Age- and sex-matched patients with IBS from a single centre in the UK (Leeds) and two centres in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur and Kota Bharu), who fulfilled Rome III criteria, were recruited prospectively. Demographic characteristics and gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms were compared between both groups. RESULTS: A total of 266 (133 UK and 133 Malaysian) age- and sex-matched patients with Rome III IBS were recruited (mean age: 45.1 years Malaysia, vs. 46.5 years UK; 57.9% female). UK patients were more likely to consume alcohol than Malaysian patients (54.1% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.001). Compared with Malaysian patients, UK patients had more frequent abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, meal-related symptoms (p < 0.001 for all), higher symptom scores (mean 268.0 vs 166.0; p < 0.001), greater limitation of activities due to IBS (p = 0.007) and were more likely to report abnormal anxiety scores (p < 0.001). Higher perceived stress (mean 21.3 vs. 19.1, p = 0.014) and gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety scores (mean 50.8 vs. 43.0, p < 0.001) were also observed in UK patients. Finally, UK patients had higher somatoform symptom-reporting scores (mean 8.9 vs. 6.9, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IBS is more severe and is associated with a higher level of psychological symptoms in the UK compared with Malaysian patients in secondary care.
Subject(s)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome , Adult , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications , Secondary Care , Surveys and Questionnaires , Abdominal Pain/epidemiology , Abdominal Pain/complications , Anxiety/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Mind-body techniques, including Guided Imagery (GI) or Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), may effectively manage bloating. The current study aimed to develop and validate (psychometric and psychological responses) audio-based GI and PMR techniques for bloating. Audio scripts were first developed from literature reviews and in-depth interviews of participants with bloating diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. Scripts were validated using psychometric (content & face validity index) and physiological approaches (brain event-related potentials & heart rate variability). 45/63 participants completed the in-depth interview, and 'balloon' emerged as the synonymous imagery description for bloating, of which inflation correlated with a painful sensation. The final tools consisted of narrated audio scripts in the background of a validated choice of music. Overall, the content and face validity index for PMR and GI ranged from 0.92 to 1.00. For ERP and HRV, 17/20 participants were analyzed. For ERP, there was a significant difference between GI and PMR for alpha waves (p = 0.029), delta waves (p = 0.029), and between PMR and control for delta waves (p = 0.014). For HRV, GI and PMR exhibited similar autonomic responses over controls (overall p<0.05). The newly developed GI and PMR audio-based tools have been validated using psychometric and physiological approaches.
