Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 15 de 15
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
1.
Neurol India ; 67(3): 749-754, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31347548

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: One of the most common tumors of the brain are metastatic lesions. They can present as cancer of unknown primary (CUP) and require careful determination of the site of origin of the primary. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis helps to determine the primary site. AIM: To study the clinicopathological features of metastatic tumors of the brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of surgically resected brain metastasis (solid tumor metastasis) from January 2013 to April 2015 were included in the study. The clinical details including age, gender, clinical features, and location were taken from medical records. The histopathology slides were retrieved and reviewed along with clinical and imaging findings from medical records. Immunohistochemistry was performed wherever necessary. RESULTS: Out of 1662 resected brain lesions during the study period, 69 accounted for central nervous system metastasis, of which 36 were brain metastasis and 33 were isolated spinal cord metastasis. In the 36 brain metastasis cases, 19 were cases with an unknown primary. Carcinoma lung (47.2%) was found to be the most common primary malignancy. Immunohistochemistry with cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20, and thyroid transcription factor (TTF) 1 as a primary panel in metastatic tumors is highly recommended. CONCLUSION: Metastatic tumors accounted for 4.1% of intracranial lesions. Histopathologic pattern and immunohistochemistry aid in the accurate diagnosis of the original site of malignancy.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brain Neoplasms/epidemiology , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/epidemiology , Young Adult
2.
J Neurosci Rural Pract ; 7(2): 262-8, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27114659

ABSTRACT

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe clinicopathological features of surgically resected vascular malformations (VMs) of central nervous system (CNS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histologically diagnosed cases of VMs of CNS during April 2010-April 2014 were included. Demographic data, clinical and radiological features were obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed along with Verhoeff-Van Gieson (VVG), Masson's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff, and Perls' stains. Morphologically, cavernomas and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were distinguished on the basis of vessel wall features on VVG and intervening glial parenchyma. RESULTS: Fifty cases were diagnosed as VMs of CNS with an age range of 14-62 years. These included 36 cavernomas, 12 AVMs, 2 mixed capillary-cavernous angiomas. Most of the cavernoma patients (15/36) presented with seizures, whereas AVM patients (8/12) had a headache as the dominant symptom. Twenty-nine patients were reliably diagnosed on radiological features. Microscopic evidence of hemorrhage was seen in 24/36 cavernomas and 6/12 AVMs, as opposed to radiologic evidence of 10 and 4, respectively. Reactive gliosis was seen in 16 cavernomas. CONCLUSIONS: Histological features are important for classifying the VMs of CNS as there are no specific clinical and radiological features. Type of VM has a bearing on management, prognosis, and risk of hemorrhage.

3.
Asian J Neurosurg ; 11(1): 70, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26889288

ABSTRACT

Arachnoid cysts in the spine are a rare entity with extradural occurrence being the commonest. Arachnoid cysts in intramedullary location are sparingly reported in elderly. We herein report a case of intramedullary arachnoid cyst in an adult female who presented with features of compressive myelopathy.

4.
J Genet ; 94(2): 271-7, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26174674

ABSTRACT

Linkage map with wide marker coverage is an essential resource for genetic improvement study for any species. Sex-averaged genetic linkage map of Labeo rohita, popularly known as 'rohu', widely cultured in the Indian subcontinent, was developed by placing 68 microsatellite markers generated by a simplified method. The parents and their F1 progeny (92 individuals) were used as segregating populations. The genetic linkage map spans a sex-averaged total length of 1462.2 cM, in 25 linkage groups. The genome length of rohu was estimated to be 3087.9 cM. This genetic linkage map may facilitate systematic searches of the genome to identify genes associated with commercially important characters and marker-assisted selection programmes of this species.


Subject(s)
Carps/genetics , Chromosome Mapping/methods , Genetic Linkage , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Animals , Crosses, Genetic , Female , Male , Recombination, Genetic/genetics
5.
J Postgrad Med ; 61(1): 32-5, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25511215

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are uncommon neoplasms in the pediatric age group and differ in various aspects from their adult counterparts. They account for 0.4-4.6% of all primary brain tumors. AIMS: To retrospectively analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of pediatric meningiomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Meningiomas in patients under 18 years of age diagnosed between January 2001 to December 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. The hematoxylin and eosin stained sections and Ki 67 labelling index (LI) were reviewed for all the cases Results: The pediatric meningiomas accounted for 1.52% of total meningiomas (15/983). The mean age at presentation was 12 years with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The presenting symptoms were headache, seizures, and motor deficits. The histology included 9 cases (60%) of atypical meningioma (WHO grade II) followed by 4 cases (26.67%) of WHO grade-I and 2 cases (13.33%) of anaplastic meningioma (WHO grade III). Five cases had a recurrence. Ki67 LI ranged from 0.5% to 1.5% in grade I, 0.5% to 15% in grade II and 13% to 24% in grade III meningiomas. CONCLUSION: Meningiomas are rare in children and show a male preponderance. There was a higher incidence of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas in pediatric population.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningioma/diagnosis , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Meningeal Neoplasms/classification , Meningeal Neoplasms/metabolism , Meningioma/classification , Meningioma/metabolism , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution
6.
Neurol India ; 62(1): 37-41, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24608452

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas represent about 30% of primary adult central nervous system tumors. Though slow growing, they recur, causing significant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the following study is to grade meningiomas according to World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 criteria and to correlate the grade with degree of expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and p53. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Meningiomas diagnosed in the year 2010 in the Department of Pathology of our institute, were included in the study. Clinical and radiological findings were noted from medical records. The histopathology slides were reviewed and the tumors were graded according to WHO 2007 criteria. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were prepared and immunohistochemical analysis with epithelial membrane antigen, Vimentin, Ki67, EGFR and p53 was performed on the TMA slides. RESULTS: A total of 79 meningiomas diagnosed during the study period included 30 male and 49 female patients with an age range of 10-75 years. There was a female preponderance with M:F ratio of 1:1.63. EGFR was found to be higher in grade I (82.93%) compared with grade II (35.71%) and grade III tumors (20%) with an overall positivity of 60.81%. Mean p53 indices were higher in grade III (50%) compared with grade II (39.29%) and grade I tumors (38.46%) with an overall positivity of 39.44%. Ki67 labeling index (LI) was significantly high in grade III (16.4%) compared with grade II (6.46%) and grade I tumors (3.13%). CONCLUSION: EGFR expression and Ki67 LI correlated with grade of meningioma P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001 respectively which were statistically significant whereas p53 expression did not correlate (P - 0.90).


Subject(s)
ErbB Receptors/genetics , Ki-67 Antigen/genetics , Meningeal Neoplasms/genetics , Meningioma/genetics , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meningioma/diagnosis , Meningioma/pathology , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
7.
Asian J Neurosurg ; 9(4): 196-202, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25685216

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a complex multi-factorial disease process having both metabolic and biomechanical factors. The role of surgical intervention as well as the choice of approach weather anterior or posterior is ambiguous. The objective of this study was to assess the surgical out come and post operative functional improvement in patients with cervical OPLL at a tertiary care centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 63 patients of cervical OPLL who underwent either anterior and/or posterior surgeries in Department of Neurosurgery, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad between June 2009 to May 2011. Patient's data including age, sex, pre and post operative functional status, radiographic findings and OPLL subtypes were recorded and analyzed over a follow up ranging up to minimum two years. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51.1 (range 30-80 years) involving 14 women and 49 men. Out of 63 patients, 14 patients underwent surgery by anterior approach (corpectomy and fusion) and all of them improved (P = 0.52). 49 patients underwent surgery by posterior approach where decompressive laminectomy was performed in 40, laminectomy with instrumentation was done in 5, laminoplasty was done in 3 and 1 patient underwent both anterior and posterior surgeries. Of those who underwent posterior surgery, 40 patients improved, 7 remained the same as their preoperative status (who were having signal intensity changes on T2W MRI) and 2 patients deteriorated in the immediate post operative period and then showed gradual improvement. All the patients were followed up for 24 months. The mean pre-operative Nurick grade was 2.82 which later on improved to 2.03 post surgery (P < 0.05). Minor complications included wound infections in two patients (1.26%). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior cervical decompression and reconstruction is a safe and appropriate treatment for cervical spondylitic myelopathy in the setting of single or two level OPLL. Laminectomy or laminoplasty is indicated in patients with preserved cervical lordosis having three or more levels of involvement. Younger patients with good pre operative functional status and less than 2 levels of involvement have better outcome following anterior surgery.

8.
Neurol India ; 59(2): 204-7, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21483118

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meningiomas are slow-growing tumors. Grading of meningiomas based on histological features has certain limitations in predicting the exact biological behavior, necessitating ancillary techniques. OBJECTIVE: To study the Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 LI) in various histological subtypes and grades of meningioma and correlate it with various parameters for recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas diagnosed between 2005 and 2008 were graded according to WHO 2007 criteria. Immunohistochemistry was performed using Ki67 (Dako, USA 1:50) in 300 cases. Statistical analysis was performed. Results : There was female predominance. The age ranged from 2-75 years including 11 children below the age of 18 years. There were 211 Grade I, 78 Grade II and 11 Grade III meningiomas. The mean Ki67 LI increased from Grade I to II and from Grade II to III and these were statistically significant. The Ki67 LI was high for the subtypes of clear cell, chordoid, papillary and rhabdoid but there was no statistical significance between the subtypes. The difference in Ki67 LI between recurrent versus non-recurrent and brain-invasive versus non-invasive meningiomas was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: High Ki67 LI indicates higher grade of meningioma. The difference in KI67 LI between recurrent and non-recurrent meningiomas was statistically significant.


Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology , Meningioma/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Meningeal Neoplasms/chemistry , Meningioma/chemistry , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
9.
J Clin Neurosci ; 17(10): 1294-7, 2010 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20673721

ABSTRACT

Multiple intracranial aneurysms located bilaterally in the anterior circulation are usually clipped sequentially by separate craniotomies or a bilateral craniotomy. However, in selected patients, bilateral aneurysms can be clipped on both sides in a single sitting through a unilateral approach and unilateral craniotomy without causing morbidity. We present our technique and results of bilateral aneurysms clipped through a unilateral craniotomy from the ruptured aneurysm side. Ten patients (between 2006 and 2008) aged 20years to 67years with bilateral supratentorial anterior circulation saccular aneurysms, World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale (WFNS) score subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) grades 1 and 3, Fisher grades 2 and 3, were operated with unilateral orbito-pterional craniotomy and clipping of bilateral aneurysms. A total of 23 aneurysms, 12 located contralaterally, were successfully clipped with a good outcome in nine patients and no mortality at all. We therefore conclude that the unilateral orbito-pterional approach can be safely employed in selected patients harboring bilateral supratentorial saccular aneurysms and presenting with SAH, having WFNS grade 1 to 3, Fisher grade up to grade 3. The brain must be lax intra-operatively. Wide opening of the basal cisterns, 3rd ventriculostomy, and clipping of ruptured aneurysms are the important steps to be performed first before clipping the contralateral aneurysm thus avoiding a second craniotomy.


Subject(s)
Craniotomy/methods , Functional Laterality/physiology , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Adult , Aged , Female , Glasgow Outcome Scale , Humans , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/etiology , Young Adult
10.
Histopathology ; 49(4): 396-405, 2006 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16978203

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To describe the pathology of central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections with particular reference to India. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective study from 1988 to 2004 constituting 130 cases. The diagnosis was based on morphology of biopsy/autopsy material. These included aspergillosis (n=73), zygomycosis (n=40), cryptococcosis (n=2), rhodotorulosis (n=1), candidiasis (n=5), maduramycosis (n=1), pheohyphomycosis (n=3) and mixed infections (n=5). Predisposing risk factors were present in 49 (38%) patients only. The majority of the patients were immunocompetent. The commonest risk factor was diabetes mellitus, the commonest route of infection was from a contiguous site and the commonest pathology was granuloma. Culture positivity was seen in only 31%. CONCLUSION: Environmental factors in tropical countries such as India play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CNS fungal infections.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/microbiology , Diabetes Mellitus/pathology , Female , Humans , India , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
11.
Clin Neuropathol ; 24(3): 112-7, 2005.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15943162

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report three patients with isolated Rosai Dorfman disease of the central nervous system. CASE REPORTS: We report two patients with dural-based lesions diagnosed imageologically as meningiomas, and one patient with multiple intraparenchymal lesions diagnosed imageologically as lymphoma. Two patients were males and one was female. All were above 35 years of age with no nodal or other system involvement. The diagnosis was established on surgically excised masses during histopathology. One patient died due to unrelated causes 10 years later and the other two are symptom-free at 21.5- and 11.5-year-follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the entity and consideration in the differential diagnosis of dural-based/intraparenchymal lesions is necessary for diagnosis and prognosis.


Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/pathology , Brain/pathology , Dura Mater/pathology , Histiocytosis, Sinus/pathology , Adult , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/physiopathology , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Dura Mater/diagnostic imaging , Dura Mater/physiopathology , Female , Histiocytes/immunology , Histiocytes/pathology , Histiocytosis, Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Histiocytosis, Sinus/physiopathology , Humans , Immune Tolerance/immunology , Lymphoma/diagnosis , Macrophages/immunology , Macrophages/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Meningioma/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/pathology , Prognosis , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
12.
Neurol India ; 46(3): 244-246, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29508787

ABSTRACT

A seventeen year old male patient presented with clinical features suggestive of raised intracranial pressure. CT Scan and MRI of brain revealed two mass lesions, one in trigone of each lateral ventricle. They were imageologically alike, appearing as mirror image masses. Both ware totally excised through occipitoparietal transventricular approach on the respective side of the lesion. Postoperative period was uneventful. Repeat CT Scan showed no residue of the lesions. Histopathological examination showed meningioma. To the best of our knowledge this is the first published report on bilateral trigonal meningiomas.

14.
Neurol India ; 45(4): 281-282, 1997.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29513295
15.
Clin Imaging ; 19(4): 270-4, 1995.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8564872

ABSTRACT

Diastematomyelia, an uncommon dysraphic state usually seen in children, is a rarity in adults; only 19 reports have been published in the literature so far. Two cases of diastematomyelia in adults are presented and the relevant literature is reviewed. Both of these were investigated by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These two procedures are proved to be complementary to each other in understanding this anomaly. Both patients exhibited associated congenital abnormalities of the neuroectoderm in the form of hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, lipomatosis, and dermal sinus that were demonstrated with clarity by the neuroimaging modalities used. Operative correlation was performed in both patients, where findings correlated very well with the preoperative radiological evaluation.


Subject(s)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spina Bifida Occulta/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Adult , Female , Humans , Lumbar Vertebrae/abnormalities , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Male , Neurologic Examination , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Spina Bifida Occulta/surgery
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...