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1.
Mar Life Sci Technol ; 6(1): 102-114, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38433970

ABSTRACT

Marine microorganisms have long been recognized as potential sources for drug discovery. Griseofulvin was one of the first antifungal natural products and has been used as an antifungal agent for decades. In this study, 12 new griseofulvin derivatives [(±)-1-2, (+)-3, (±)-4, 10-12, and 14-15] and two new griseofulvin natural products (9 and 16) together with six known analogues [(-)-3, 5-8, and 13] were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Nigrospora sp. QQYB1 treated with 0.3% NaCl or 2% NaBr in rice solid medium. Their 2D structures and absolute configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS), ECD spectra, computational calculation, DP4 + analysis, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Compounds 1-4 represent the first griseofulvin enantiomers with four absolute configurations (2S, 6'S; 2R, 6'R; 2S, 6'R; 2R, 6'S), and compounds 9-12 represent the first successful production of brominated griseofulvin derivatives from fungi via the addition of NaBr to the culture medium. In the antifungal assays, compounds 6 and 9 demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against the fungi Colletotrichum truncatum, Microsporum gypseum, and Trichophyton mentagrophyte with inhibition zones varying between 28 and 41 mm (10 µg/disc). The structure-activity relationship (SAR) was analyzed, which showed that substituents at C-6, C-7, C-6' and the positions of the carbonyl and double bond of griseofulvin derivatives significantly affected the antifungal activity. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00210-0.

2.
Nat Prod Res ; : 1-9, 2024 Mar 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38462767

ABSTRACT

A series of novel ester derivatives 2 - 7, of natural product geodin 1, isolated from the soft coral-derived fungus Aspergillus sp., were designed and semi-synthesised through one step reaction with high yield. Compound 5 showed strong antifouling inhibitory activities with MIC of 4.80 µM while compound 4 showed selective inhibitory activities with MICs values 8.59 µM against Aeromonas salmonicida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Sea-Nine 211, MIC = 0.27 µM). Compounds 3, 4 and 6 showed potent anti-pathogenic inhibitory activities with MICs of 2.29 µM, 4.29 µM and 4.56 µM respectively against Staphylococcus aureus (Ciprofloxacin, MIC = 0.156 µM). Compound 2 showed weak inhibitory activity against A. salmonicida with MIC 18.75 µM (Sea-Nine 211, MIC = 0.27 µM) and with MICs 9.38 µM against S. aureus (ciprofloxacin, MIC = 0.156 µM). However, compound 7 showed very low antibacterial activities with MIC = >20 µM. The preliminary structure-activity relationships of compounds 2 - 7 further prove that the modification of 4-OH group of natural product geodin 1 improves the antibacterial activities such as antifouling and anti-pathogenic activities.

3.
Mar Drugs ; 21(10)2023 Sep 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37888447

ABSTRACT

With the emergence of drug resistance and the consequential high morbidity and mortality rates, there is an urgent need to screen and identify new agents for the effective treatment of cancer. Terphenyls-a group of aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of a linear 1,4-diaryl-substituted benzene core-has exhibited a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we discovered a terphenyllin derivative-CHNQD-00824-derived from the marine compound library as a potential anticancer agent. The cytotoxic activities of the CHNQD-00824 compound were evaluated against 13 different cell lines with IC50 values from 0.16 to 7.64 µM. Further study showed that CHNQD-00824 inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, possibly by inducing DNA damage. Acridine orange staining demonstrated that CHNQD-00824 promoted apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Notably, the anti-cancer effectiveness was verified in a doxycin hydrochloride (DOX)-induced liver-specific enlargement model in zebrafish. With Solafinib as a positive control, CHNQD-00824 markedly suppressed tumor growth at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 µM, further highlighting its potential as an effective anticancer agent.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Zebrafish , Animals , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis , DNA Damage , Structure-Activity Relationship , Molecular Structure
4.
Nat Prod Res ; : 1-10, 2023 Oct 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37865972

ABSTRACT

A series of 6 novel ester derivatives 2-7 of natural product geodin 1 were designed and semi-synthesized through one mild step reaction with high yield. Compounds 2-7 showed strong inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus in the range of 2.35-9.41 µM. Compounds 4 and 7 showed very strong inhibitory activities against antifouling bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida with MICs of 2.42 µM and 4.56 µM respectively. Most notably compounds 3-7 showed potent antifungal activities against Candida albicans in the range of 0.59-2.44 µM. Particularly, compound 3 showed the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans with a MIC value of 0.59 µM. The preliminary structure activity relationship of these derivatives showed that replacement of 4-OH group with benzoyl substituents could enhance the antibacterial and antifungal activities of geodin 1.

5.
Genes (Basel) ; 14(2)2023 02 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36833358

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inherited isolated nail clubbing is a very rare Mendelian condition in humans, characterized by enlargement of the terminal segments of fingers and toes with thickened nails. Mutations in two genes have been reported to cause isolated nail clubbing in humans, which are the SLCO2A1 gene and the HPGD gene. OBJECTIVES: An extended Pakistani family having two affected siblings born of unaffected consanguineous union was included in the study. Predominant isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC) without any other systemic abnormalities was observed, which we aimed to characterize at clinico-genetic level. METHODS: Whole exome coupled with Sanger sequencing were employed to uncover the sequence variant as a cause of the disease. Furthermore, protein modeling was carried out to reveal the predicted possible effect of the mutation at the protein level. RESULTS: Whole exome sequencing data analysis revealed a novel biallelic sequence variant (c.155T>A; p.Phe52Tyr) in the SLCO2A1 gene. Further, Sanger sequencing analysis validated and confirmed the segregation of the novel variant in the entire family. Subsequently, protein modeling of the wild-type and mutated SLCO2A1 revealed broad-scale change, which might compromise the proteins' secondary structure and function. CONCLUSION: The present study adds another mutation to the SLCO2A1-related pathophysiology. The involvement of SLCO2A1 in the pathogenesis of ICNC may open exciting perceptions of this gene in nail development/morphogenesis.


Subject(s)
Nails, Malformed , Organic Anion Transporters , Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic , Humans , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Osteoarthropathy, Primary Hypertrophic/genetics , Mutation, Missense , Mutation , Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
6.
Mar Drugs ; 20(2)2022 Jan 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35200612

ABSTRACT

To enhance the biological activity of the natural product geodin (1), isolated from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp., a series of new ether derivatives (2-37) was designed and semisynthesized using a high-yielding one-step reaction. In addition, the insecticidal and antibacterial activities of all geodin congeners were evaluated systematically. Most of these derivatives showed better insecticidal activities against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner than 1. In particular, 15 showed potent insecticidal activity with an IC50 value of 89 µM, comparable to the positive control azadirachtin (IC50 = 70 µM). Additionally, 5, 12, 13, 16, 30 and 33 showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas salmonicida with MIC values in the range of 1.15-4.93 µM. The preliminary structure-activity relationships indicated that the introduction of halogenated benzyl especially fluorobenzyl, into 1 and substitution of 4-OH could be key factors in increasing the insecticidal and antibacterial activities of geodin.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Benzofurans/pharmacology , Insecticides/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Aspergillus/metabolism , Benzofurans/chemistry , Benzofurans/isolation & purification , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Insecticides/chemistry , Insecticides/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Moths/drug effects , Structure-Activity Relationship
7.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 34(3): 995-1001, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34602424

ABSTRACT

A novel method, for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles that are eco-friendly by means of mixed reductants method, has been developed. The combined extract of Mentha viridis plant and Prunus domestica gum were used as reducing agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles of the size less than 40 nm in diameter. The effect of time and concentration on the formation of silver nanoparticles were also monitored. The silver nanoparticles formed were verified by surface Plasmon spectra using single and double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD technique and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyze the crystalline structure, crystallite size and morphology. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against different bacterial and fungus strains. The silver nanoparticles showed good inhibition in antimicrobial study and low MIC for bacterial strains. The antioxidant assay was performed to check the scavenging activity. In DPPH, the silver nanoparticles showed good scavenging activity and were found close to that of ascorbic acid.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Mentha , Metal Nanoparticles , Prunus domestica , Silver/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Aspergillus/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Fusarium/drug effects , Hypocreales/drug effects , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Penicillium chrysogenum/drug effects , Photoelectron Spectroscopy , Plant Extracts , Plant Gums , Proteus vulgaris/drug effects , Pseudomonas/drug effects , Reducing Agents , Silver/chemistry , Silver Nitrate , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Surface Plasmon Resonance
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