ABSTRACT
Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured serially in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in 23 cases of meningitis (15 pyogenic and 8 tuberculous) and equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls to find out its diagnostic and prognostic significance in cases of meningitis. The LDH activity was significantly elevated in the CSF and serum (p < 0.001) in cases of pyogenic (PM) as well as tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The maximum elevation was seen on the 1st day and the activity declined thereafter. However, in 3 cases of PM and 5 cases of TBM, the LDH activity on subsequent estimations increased serially and all these cases died. Further, the basal LDH activity in the 3 cases of PM who died was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those who survived. The rise in enzymatic activity in the CSF was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the serum in all the cases of meningitis. The LDH activity was significantly higher in PM as compared to TBM (p < 0.001) both in the CSF as well as the serum.
Subject(s)
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Meningitis/metabolism , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Meningitis/diagnosis , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Tuberculosis, Meningeal/metabolismABSTRACT
Small, circular, x-ray beams are commonly used for radiosurgery applications. Dosimetric characteristics of 4, 6, 10, 15 and 24 MV circular x-ray beams ranging in size from 10 to 40 mm are reported. These characteristics include the measurement of TMR, beam profiles and relative output factors. Measurements of these parameters were performed in a solid water phantom using film, a small diode, small parallel-plate and cylindrical ionization chambers and TLD. Comparison of relative dose measurements of small, circular beams performed using these detectors showed that the small diode, film and TLD results consistently agreed for circular beams as small as 10 mm diameter. Beam profiles were measured using film dosimetry. Comparison of TMR values of a 10 mm diameter beam measured using film and a small parallel-plate ionization chamber showed no significant differences. Tertiary collimators designed with tapered, divergence-matching holes, and straight-drilled holes have been used for radiosurgery applications. Measurement of beam penumbra produced with either of these types of tertiary collimators showed minimal differences between them.
Subject(s)
Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Humans , Models, Structural , Radiometry/instrumentation , Radiometry/methods , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry , X-RaysABSTRACT
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) was measured serially in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in 23 cases of meningitis (15 pyogenic and 8 tuberculous meningitis) and an equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls, to find out its diagnostic and prognostic significance in meningitis. GGTP activity was significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in CSF and serum in meningitis as compared to control subjects. Levels were significantly higher in pyogenic as compared to tuberculous meningitis (p less than 0.001) and in CSF than in serum (p less than 0.001). The maximum elevation was seen on the 1st day and thereafter the activity declined in the majority (65.2%) of cases. However, in 3 cases of pyogenic meningitis and 5 cases of tuberculous meningitis, the GGTP activity on subsequent estimation increased serially; all these 8 cases died. It is concluded that CSF GGTP activity is significantly elevated in meningitis and serial rise in its activity is associated with poor prognosis and even fatal outcome.
