ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a condicao de saude bucal (condicao gengival, carie dentaria, lesoes na mucosa oral) em um grupo de criancas HIV positivas em relacao a contagem de CD4. Metodo: Um total de 234 criancas HIV positivas com idades entre 2 e 15 anos foram examinadas. A carie dentaria foi avaliada segundo os criterios da OMS. Os tecidos gengivais foram analisados sendo empregado o indice de sangramento gengival. Para a presenca de biofilme dental empregou-se o indice de Sillness e Loe. As criancas encontravam-se sob terapia anti viral e a contagem de CD4 de cada um dos pacientes foi obtida por meio dos prontuarios hospitalares. Resultados: Os escores maximos ceo-d/ceo-s foram observados nas criancas cuja contagem de CD4 estava entre 200 - 500. Entretanto, as medias mais altas do cpo-d/cpo-s foram vistas nas criancas com contagem de CD4 menor de 200. As medias de placa, sangramento gengival foram mais elevados nos individuos com contagem de CD4 menor que 200, sem diferenca estatisticamente significante. Candidiase pseudomembranosa foi a lesao oral mais observada. A lingua foi o local mais comum de ocorrencia de lesoes bucais em todos os grupos. Conclusao: A condicao de saude bucal em criancas HIV positivas deteriora-se com o declinio da contagem de celulas CD4.
Objective: To evaluate the oral health status i.e., gingival condition, dental caries, oral mucosal lesions progression in a group of HIV positive children in relation to CD4 count. Method: A total of 234 HIV positive children in the age group of 2-15 years were included in the present study. Dental caries status was evaluated as per the criteria devised by WHO. Gingival condition index was used to assess and criteria given by Muhlemann was used for Papillary Bleeding scores. Plaque was assessed using the Sillness and Loe Index. The children were under active anti retroviral therapy the CD4 count of each patient was available from the hospital records. Results: Maximum dmft /defs, score was observed in individuals with CD4 count 200 - 500. Whereas highest mean DMFT/DMFS score was seen in children with CD4 count less than 200. The mean plaque, gingival and papillary bleeding score were highest in individuals with CD4 count less than 200 but the difference was statistically insignificant. Pseudomembranous candidiasis was the most observed oral lesion. Tongue was the most common site of occurrence of oral lesions in all groups. Conclusion: The study confirms that the oral health status in HIV positive children deteriorates with the decline in CD4 count.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , HIV , Oral Health , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , AIDS Serodiagnosis , Data Interpretation, StatisticalABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine adrenal gland enhancement with manganese (II) N,N' dipyridoxylethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetate 5,5'bis(phosphate) (DPDP) at magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After phase III trials, fat-suppressed, motion-compensated, T1-weighted spin-echo images (repetition time, 500 msec; echo time, 12 msec) of 13 consecutive patients were obtained at 1.5 T at one site, prior to and approximately 30 minutes after intravenous administration of 5 mumol/kg Mn-DPDP. Images were analyzed visually and by means of region-of-interest measurements, normalized to spleen. With data added from three more sites, enhancement of three adrenal adenomas and two metastases was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 26 adrenal glands were depicted on MR images, and all showed enhancement. Mean adrenal enhancement (38%) was comparable to mean enhancement of liver (46%), pancreas (25%), and renal cortex (58%). Adrenal cortex and medulla could not be distinguished in nonenhanced or enhanced images. All three adrenal adenomas enhanced by more than 40%, but the metastases did not enhance. CONCLUSION: Functioning adrenal tissue (glands and at least some adenomas) are enhanced with Mn-DPDP.