Satisfaction and use of the didactic simulator for learning the nursing process: an observational study.

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in daily healthcare practice has become standardized. In relation to education within the nursing degree, ICTs make it possible to carry out practical immersion training from the" classroom or from any other place with an Internet connection, as evidenced by circumstances that have occurred in recent years, such as the pandemic caused by COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: Design and assess a didactic simulation program for the training of the nursing process that promotes learning in the nursing care METHODOLOGY: The methodological approach is quantitative and it is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic by convenience. RESULTS: When observing the comparison of the averages of student satisfaction with respect to the didactic simulator, it is worth mentioning that all the items are above 2.80 on a score in which "0" is the minimum value and "5" the maximum value. The results of the use of the computer tool by the students, we highlight as significant data that all the items present an average equal to or lower than 3.04 out of 7, where "1" corresponds to a lot of use and "7" to little use. CONCLUSION: The implication of ICT in the teaching-learning process among Nursing Degree students, it is considered optimal. when analyzing the answers obtained in the items that refer to a higher ease in the execution of development of Care plans, a fundamental work in Nursing performance.

Knowledge, Use and Attitude of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Graduate Nursing Students: A Correlational Cross-Sectional Study.

Education in the XXI century is called to move forward in the right direction and to gain momentum to face diverse challenges and take opportunities offered by the knowledge that is inherent in society. Therefore, it can be postulated that there must be a close relationship between learning, the generation of knowledge, continuous innovation and the use of new technologies. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among a sample of 242 first year and second year Cadiz University nursing students, using the validated Learning and Study Strategies Inventory questionnaire to assess motivation and the Relationship between Learning Styles and Information and Communication Technologies questionnaire to assess knowledge, use and attitude. The predominant profile type of nursing degree students was women under 21 years old, who were single and exclusively dedicated to their studies. In addition, they showed positive motivation in relation to learning while facing adversity (between 76% and 76.6%). Regarding the level of knowledge, use and attitude towards ICTs, most of the considered items presented high values. For some questions, age was proven to be a sociodemographic variable that influenced both the motivation and attitude of the students. The level of knowledge, use and attitude that students have regarding ICTs are good when we refer to communication technologies, interpersonal relationships or basic programs. However, they are low when considering programs related to education or learning.

Translation and validation of the “personal evaluation of transitions in treatment (PETIT)” scale for people with schizophrenia.

To adapt the ‘Personal Evaluation of Transitions in Treatment (PETIT)’ scale into Spanish and analyse its psychometric properties on schizophrenic population.

Traducción y validación de la escala personal evaluation of transitions in treatment (PETIT)” para población conesquizofrenia / Translation and validation of the “personal evaluation of transitions in treatment (petit)” scale for schizophrenic population

Objetivo. Adaptar al español la escala Personal Evaluation of Transitions in Treatment (PETIT) y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en población con esquizofrenia. Metodología. Participaron 223 pacientes en tratamiento ambulatorio con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia según criterios DSM-5. Se utilizaron como gold estándar la variable cumplimiento terapéutico, DAI10 y SMAQ y se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala en tres momentos (basal, al mes y 6 meses). Resultados. La validez de apariencia (lógica) de la escala es muy elevada. En el análisis factorial exploratorio identificamos que sería necesario eliminar el ítem-7. La fiabilidad de la escala es alta con un alfa-Cronbach de 0,91 demostrando buena consistencia interna. El análisis factorial confirmatorio tras eliminar el ítem-7 obtiene 5 componentes que explican el 57,76% de la varianza. El contenido de la escala es válido para discriminar pacientes con diferente adherencia, respuesta al tratamiento y calidad de vida. El punto de corte de la escala PETIT en español se establece en 24 puntos para ambos sexos; presentando una buena sensibilidad al cambio, y una fuerza de concordancia muy buena para los tres momentos evaluados. Conclusiones. La escala PETIT tras eliminar el ítem7 y utilizando 24 como punto de corte permite detectar cambios en la adherencia al tratamiento, su respuesta y las modificaciones resultantes en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Su uso como único instrumento que mide todo lo anterior lo hace recomendable en la práctica clínica ya que esta precisa de métodos de evaluación sencillos que no consuman grandes esfuerzos o tiempo.(AU)

Aims. To adapt the ‘Personal Evaluation of Transitions in Treatment (PETIT)’ scale into Spanish and analyse its psychometric properties on schizophrenic population. Method. 223 patients in outpatient treatment diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria participated in the study. A defined variable ‘therapeutic compliance’, DAI10 and SMAQ were used as a gold standard and the psychometric properties of the scale were analysed at three time points (baseline, 1 month and 6 months). Results. The scale has very high face (or logical) validity. Exploratory factor analysis showed it would be necessary to eliminate item 7. The reliability of the scale is high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.91), demonstrating good internal consistency. After eliminating item 7, confirmatory factor analysis obtained 5 components that explained 57,76% of the variance. The content of the scale is valid for discriminating between patients of different treatment adherence, response and quality of life. The cut-off point of the ‘PETIT’ scale in Spanish is set at 24 points for both sexes, with good sensibility to change and very good concordance force over the three time points evaluated. Conclusions. After eliminating item 7 and using ‘24’ as cut-off point, the ‘PETIT’ scale was able to detect changes in both adherence and response to treatment as well as the resulting modifications to the quality of life of patients. Its use as a single instrument to measure all of the above makes it advisable for use in clinical practice, as the evaluationmethods it requires are relatively simple and quick to perform.(AU)

Continuous ultrafiltration during extracorporeal circulation and its effect on lactatemia: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Hyperlactatemia occurs during or after extracorporeal circulation in the form of lactic acidosis, increasing the risk of postoperative complications and the mortality rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether continuous high-volume hemofiltration with volume replacement through a polyethersulfone filter during the extracorporeal circulation procedure decreases postoperative lactatemia and its consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 32: with or without continuous high-volume hemofiltration through a polyethersulfone membrane. Five patients were excluded from each group during the study period. The sociodemographic characteristics, filter effects, and blood lactate levels at different times during the procedure were evaluated. Secondary endpoints were studied, such as the reduction in the intubation time and time spent in ICU. RESULTS: Lactatemia measurements performed during the preoperative and intraoperative phases were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the blood lactate levels in the postoperative period and at 24 hours in the intensive care unit showed a significant reduction and a possible clinical benefit in the hemofiltered group. Following extracorporeal circulation, the mean lactate level was higher (difference: 0.77 mmol/L; CI 0.95: 0.01-1.53) in the nonhemofiltered group than in the hemofiltered group (p<0.05). This effect was greater at 24 hours (p = 0.019) in the nonhemofiltered group (difference: 1.06 mmol/L; CI 0.95: 0.18-1.93) than in the hemofiltered group. The reduction of lactatemia is associated with a reduction of inflammatory mediators and intubation time, with an improvement in liver function. CONCLUSIONS: The use and control of continuous high-volume hemofiltration through a polyethersulfone membrane during heart-lung surgery could potencially prevent postoperative complications. The reduction of lactatemia implied a reduction in intubation time, a decrease in morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit and a shorter hospital stay.

The Classification of Causes of Historical Mortality (CCHM): A proposal of the study of death records.

OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast the Classification of Causes of Historical Mortality (CCHM) with the International Classification of Diseases 4th Revision (ICD-4) as methodological elements that can be implemented in historical mortality studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal descriptive study of the causes of death in two different localities in Spain, namely, Cadiz and Vejer de la Frontera (1900-1950), to compare the International Classification of Diseases 4th Revision (ICD-4) and the Classification of Causes of Historical Mortality (CCHM). This study proposes the CCHM and its use in statistical analyses of mortality, especially from the mid-19th century to the second half of 20th century. It is a methodological instrument based on the theoretical precepts of Thomas McKeown, expanded through knowledge gained in studies of historical mortality and contrasted with editions of the ICD. RESULTS: The results showed several differences between the ICD-4 and the CCHM. The ten main causes of death (CoDs) in the CCHM account for 74.3% in Cadiz, compared to 56.6% accounted for by the ICD-4. According to the ICD-4, the number of infectious CoDs exceed the number of noninfectious ones in Cadiz every year. On the other hand, based on the CCHM, we observed that while infectious CoD causes of death predominated over noninfectious ones, there was a change in trend, with noninfectious CoDs predominating the following year. During the interval from 1915 to 1937 in Vejer de la Frontera, there were 12 deaths due to ill-specified causes (ICD-4: 18.200) and 0 due to ill-defined causes (CCHM: 3.0.0.0). CONCLUSIONS: The CCHM accurately determines the differences between infectious and noninfectious causes of death and explains sociodemographic and health-related aspects in the population and its use in employment, illegitimacy or place-of-death studies. Moreover, it has more advantages, such as the incorporation of new diagnostic expressions, and it can be constantly updated, thus facilitating its use over long periods of time.

Consenso Victoria I: otra perspectiva cara al futuro de los incidentes con múltiples víctimas intencionados / Another perspective on the management of multiple intentional-injury victims in the future: the Victory I Consensus

No disponible

La mortalidad por tuberculosis en El Puerto de Santa María (1923-1926) / A mortalidade por tuberculose em Puerto de Santa María (1923-1926) / Tuberculosis mortality in El Puerto de Santa María (1923-1926)

La principal causa de mortalidad en El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) durante 1923-1926 es la tuberculosis. El objetivo es analizar la mortalidad por Tuberculosis en dicha localidad durante 1923 a 1926, relacionándola con los principales determinantes epidemiológicos, contribuyendo a la interpretación de la realidad sanitaria de la época. Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal de la mortalidad por tuberculosis en El Puerto durante 1923 a 1926. Las fuentes fueron los libros de Actas de defunción del registro civil. Se realizó el análisis estadístico de las variables (causa de defunción, sexo, edad, etc..), con el programa SPSS 15.0. El total de defunciones por tuberculosis fueron 217 (13,7%) y la Tasa de Mortalidad específica de 28,22 por diez mil habitantes. Atendiendo al sexo, el 54% (117) corresponden a hombres y el 46% (100) a mujeres. Las conclusiones son: 1. La Tuberculosis es la primera causa de mortalidad en El Puerto entre 1923-1926. 2. El patrón que sigue la mortalidad por tuberculosis en El Puerto es superponible al del resto de la provincia. 3. Es necesario una serie temporal más amplia para poder asignar la causa del descenso de las defunciones en 1926 a las mejoras de las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias derivadas de la actuación institucional (AU)

The main cause of mortality in El Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) between 1923 and 1926 was tuberculosis. Our aim is to analyse the tuberculosis mortality rate in this town between 1923 and 1926 and to link it to the principal epidemiological determinants in order to describe the health and sanitary conditions in those years.Descriptive and longitudinal study of the tuberculosis mortality in El Puerto de Santa María between 1923 and 1926. Our information sources were the entries in the register of deaths. A statistical analysis of the variables was carried out (death cause, sex, age, etc…), with the programme SPSS15.0. The total amount of deaths caused by tuberculosis was 217 (13,7 %) and the specific mortality rate was 28,22 in 10,000 inhabitants. 54% (117) were males and 46% (100) females. We can conclude:1. Tuberculosis was the first cause of death in El Puerto between 1923 and 1926.2. The tuberculosis mortality standards are similar in the rest of the province of Cadiz. 3. It would be necessary to perform a deeper study to know whether the cause of the decrease in the mortality rate in 1926 was a consequence of an improvement in health and sanitary policies (AU)

A principal causa de mortalidade em Puerto de Santa María (Cádiz) entre os anos de 1923 e 1926 é a tuberculose. O objetivo é analisar a mortalidade por tuberculose nesta localidade durante o período de 1923 a 1926, relacionando-a com os principais determinantes epidemiológicos, contribuindo para a interpretação da realidade sanitária da época. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, longitudinal, da mortalidade por tuberculose em Puerto de Santa María de 1923 a 1926. As fontes foram os registos de óbitos do Registo civil. Realizou-se uma análise estatística das variáveis (causa de morte, sexo, idade...), com o programa SPSS 15.0. O total de óbitos por tuberculose foi de 217 (13,7%) e a Taxa de Mortalidade específica de 28,22 por dez mil habitantes. Relativamente ao sexo, 54% (117) correspondem a homens e 46% (100) a mulheres. As conclusões são as seguintes: 1. A tuberculose é a primeira causa de mortalidade em Puerto de Santa María entre 1923-1926. 2. O padrão de tuberculose na localidade é superior ao do resto da província. 3. É necessária uma série temporal mais ampla para poder atribuir a causa da descidados óbitos em 1926 à melhoria das condições higiénico-sanitárias derivadas da atuação institucional (AU)

La mortalidad infantil en Alcalá de los Gazules (1916-1921) / Mortalidade infantil em Alcalá de los Gazules (1916-1921) / Mortality child in Alcalá de los Gazules (1916-1921)

Introducción: La mortalidad infantil se encuentra condicionada por factores exógenos, socio-económicos y ambientales. La mejora de las condiciones alimentarias, el nivel educativo materno y las campañas de vacunación contribuyeron al descenso de la mortalidad infantil en el siglo XX. El objetivo de este trabajo es relacionar las causas más frecuentes en menores de un año con el contexto histórico, socio-económico y sanitario de la época. Hemos realizado un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal de la mortalidad infantil en Alcalá de los Gazules, a partir del registro de defunción, codificado según la Clasificación de Causas de Muerte modificada y ampliada (CMMA) y Bertillón (CB). El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa SPSS 15.0. Los fallecidos el primer año de vida suponen un 25,47% (295) del total de defunciones (1158). Las patologías perinatales concentran un 27,2% (80), seguida por la diarrea y enteritis con un 22,8% (67). Entre 1920 y 1921 se produce el 57,34% (82) de las muertes por diarrea y enteritis en todo el período. La mortalidad específica por debilidad congénita supone un 25,76% (76) de las muertes. La crisis de subsistencia y la alimentación insuficiente agravaron la mortalidad infantil. Las malas condiciones de habitabilidad y el hacinamiento de la población contribuyeron a la alta mortalidad por diarrea y enteritis (AU)

The infant mortality is determined by exogenous, socio-economic and environmental factors. The improvement of the food conditions, the educational mother level and the campaigns of vaccination contributed to the decrease of the infant mortality in the 20th century. The aim of this work is to relate the most frequent reasons in-year-old minors to the historical, socio-economic and sanitary context of the epoch. We have realized a descriptive, longitudinal study of the infant mortality in Alcala of the Gazules, from the record of death, codified according to the Classification of Reasons of modified and extended Death (CMMA) and Bertillón (CB). The statistical analysis fulfilled with the program SPSS 15.0. The deceased the first year of life supposes 25,47 % (295) of the total of deaths (1158). The pathologies perinatales concentrate 27,2 % (80), followed by the diarrhea and enteritis with 22,8 % (67). Between 1920 and 1921 one produces 57,34 % (82) of the deaths for diarrhea and enteritis in the whole period. The specific mortality for congenital weakness supposes 25,76 % (76) of the deaths. The crisis of subsistence and the insufficient supply they aggravated the infant mortality. The bad conditions of habitability and the accumulation of the population contributed to the high mortality for diarrhea and enteritis (AU)

Mortalidade infantil é condicionada por factores exógenos, sócio-económicos e ambientais. Melhoria das condições de alimentação, o nível de educação materna e campanhas de vacinação contribuíram para um declínio na mortalidade infantil no século XX. O objectivo do presente documento é relacionar as mais frequentes provoca em menos de um ano com o histórico, sócio-económica e contexto de saúde da época.Fizemos um estudo descritivo, longitudinal da mortalidade infantil em Alcalá de los Gazules, após o registo da morte, codificados de acordo com a classificação das causas de morte modificada e ampliada (CMMA) e Bertillón (CB). Análise estatística foi realizada com o programa SPSS 15.0. mortos no primeiro ano de vida representam um 25,47% (295) do total de mortes (1158). Patologias perinatal concentrado 27,2 por cento (80), seguido por diarréia e enterite com 22,8 por cento (67). Entre 1920 e 1921 produz 57,34% (82) das mortes por diarréia e enterite em todo o período. Mortalidade específica de fraqueza congênita é 25,76% (76) das mortes. Crise alimentar e meios de subsistência insuficiente agravada mortalidade infantil. Pobres condições de vida e superlotação da população contribuiu com a elevada taxa de mortalidade de diarreia e enterite (AU)

Testimonio de José María de Puelles y Centeno como médico durante la III Guerra Carlista / Testemunho de José María de Puelles y Centeno como um médico durante III Guerra Carlista / Testimony of José María de Puelles y Centeno as physician during the III Carlist War

Las memorias de José María de Puelles y Centeno nos permite analizar, por su condición de médico las condiciones sanitarias de heridos y enfermos entre 1873-1876, en el transcurso de la III Guerra Carlista en los diferentes frentes en los que participa, así como el papel que jugaron las Hermanas de la Caridad y la Cruz Roja Internacional en los cuidados de los soldados. La comparación con otras fuentes primarias de la época nos permite contrastar la información que nos da sobre el desarrollo del conflicto bélico (AU)

The memoirs of Jose Maria de Puelles y Centeno, allows us to analyze, on the medical condition of the sanitary situations of the sick and wounded between 1873-1876, during the third Carlist War in the diferents fronts in which it participates and the role played by the Sisters of Charity and the International Red Cross in care of the soldiers. Comparison with other primary sources of the time allows us to compare the information you give about the development of the war (AU)

As memórias de José Maria de Puelles Centeno e permite-nos analisar, com a condição médica das condições sanitárias dos enfermos e feridos entre 1873-1876, durante a Terceira Guerra Carlista nas diferentes frentes em que participa e o papel desempenhado pelas Irmãs da Caridade e da Cruz Vermelha Internacional no cuidado dos soldados. Comparação com outras fontes primárias do tempo nos permite comparar as informações que você dá sobre o desenvolvimento da guerra (AU)

La enfermería vista desde el género / Nursing and sex discrimination: considerations on gender

La Enfermería, desde sus inicios, ha estado influida por las consideraciones de género al ser una actividad eminentemente femenina. Esto ha condicionado su evolución y desarrollo, dando lugar a una profesión que no ha podido alcanzar las metas previstas. En la actualidad, en que teóricamente deberíamos haber superado los roles sexistas, vemos que de diversas formas se sigue marginando la profesión y dando una imagen devaluada de las actividades que realizan las enfermeras, a pesar de la importancia social de su labor. En este artículo hacemos un análisis, tanto histórico como metodológico, de las causas que hacen que la Enfermería ocupe la posición que ocupa y posibles alternativas que mejoren esta situación (AU)

El grupo de discusión otra técnica a usar por la enfermera / The discussion group. Another Technique to be used by Nurses

El grupo de discusión es una técnica de investigación social, que al igual que la entrevista, trabaja con el habla. Hasta ahora, ha sido empleada casi exclusivamente por las disciplinas humanísticas (sociólogos, antropólogos, etc), pero puede convertirse, si se conoce bien su mecánica, en una poderosa herramienta en el quehacer enfermero. Los jóvenes, por sus características socioculturales, son más sensibles al uso de esta técnica, a través de la cual, la enfermera puede obtener datos importantes para la valoración que no salen a la luz durante la entrevista y conocer las percepciones, sentimientos y condicionantes del paciente que le ayuden a proyectar líneas de acción más precisas para la resolución de sus problemas. Se diferencia claramente de las entrevistas grupales y de los grupos formados para realizar educación para la salud. De las indicaciones, potencialidades y limitaciones en su uso en ciencias de la salud, es de lo que trata el siguiente artículo (AU)