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1.
Rev. int. med. cienc. act. fis. deporte ; 15(60): 647-662, dic. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-146082

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fue definir cuantitativamente los valores del perfil óptimo de flexibilidad en 20 jugadoras de fútbol sala. Para ello, se valoró la flexibilidad de los principales grupos musculares del miembro inferior a través de 7 pruebas de rango de movimiento pasivo máximo (ROM). Los resultados del presente estudio definen como ROM óptimo los siguientes rangos para las jugadoras de campo: 43º-52º para gemelo, 48º-54º para sóleo, 148º-154º para glúteo mayor, 99º-118º para musculatura isquiosural, 46º-56º para aductores, 12º-20º para psoas iliaco y 116º-129º para cuádriceps. Para las porteras se han obtenido los siguientes rangos: 40º-46º para gemelo, 40º-47º para sóleo, 150º-155º para el glúteo mayor, 94º-118º para musculatura isquiosural, 45º-54º para aductores, 8º-12º para psoas iliaco y 115º-133º para cuádriceps. Teniendo en cuenta que se ha definido el percentil >80 como el ROM óptimo, sólo 4 jugadoras de campo y 2 porteras presentaban este ROM en cada movimiento evaluado (AU)


The purpose of this study was to define the optimal lower-limb flexibility data for 20 female futsal players. Therefore, the flexibility of the major lower-limb muscles was evaluated throughout 7 different passive range of motion (ROM) assessment tests. The results of this study define the optimal ROM ranges for field players as: 43º-52º for the gastrocnemius, 48º-54º for the soleus, 148º- 154º for the gluteus maximus, 99º-118º for the hamstrings, 46º-56º for the adductors, 12º-20º for the iliopsoas, and 116º-129º for the quadriceps. For goalkeepers have obtained the following ranges: 40º-46º for the gastrocnemius, 40º-47º for the soleus, 150º-155º for the gluteus, 94º-118º for the hamstrings, 45º-54º for the adductors, 8º-12º for the iliopsoas, and 115º-133º for the quadriceps. Keeping in mind that optimal ROM values were defined as >80th percentile, only 4 field players and 2 goalkeepers presented this ROM values in each movement assessed (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Lower Extremity/physiology , Pliability/physiology , Soccer/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Sports/physiology , Athletic Performance/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Human/physiology
2.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 8(3): 93-102, sept. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-141658

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Examinar y comparar los efectos agudos de una rutina de estiramientos estáticos o dinámicos de corta duración sobre el pico de fuerza máximo y potencia media de la flexión y extensión concéntrica y excéntrica de la rodilla. Método. Cuarenta y nueve adultos activos completaron los siguientes protocolos de intervención en días separados: no-estiramiento, estiramiento estático y estiramiento dinámico. Después de la intervención de control o estiramiento, el pico de fuerza máximo y la potencia media de la flexión y extensión concéntrica y excéntrica de la rodilla fueron medidos en posición prono. Las medidas fueron comparadas a través de un análisis factorial ANOVA intergrupo. Resultados. Ni el protocolo de estiramientos estático ni el dinámico tuvieron influencia sobre el pico de fuerza máximo y potencia media isocinética cuando fueron comparados con la condición de control. Las comparaciones por pares también mostraron que los resultados de fuerza y potencia isocinética durante la sesión de estiramientos dinámicos fueron ligeramente mayores que los encontrados durante la sesión de estiramientos estáticos. Conclusiones. Una rutina de corta duración de estiramientos estáticos o dinámicos del tren inferior no produjo alteraciones en la fuerza isocinética concéntrica y excéntrica de la flexión y extensión de rodilla. Además, los hallazgos del presente estudio apoyan la idea de que el estiramiento dinámico podría ser preferible antes que el estiramiento estático como parte del calentamiento previo a una actuación física (AU)


Objectives. To examine and compare the acute effects of short duration static and dynamic lower-limb stretching routines on the knee flexor and extensor peak torque and mean power during maximal concentric and eccentric muscle actions. Method. Forty-nine active adults completed the following intervention protocols on separate days: non-stretching, static stretching and dynamic stretching. After the stretching or control intervention, concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque and mean power of the leg extensors and flexors were measured in prone position. Measures were compared via a fully-within-groups factorial ANOVA. Results. Neither static nor dynamic stretching has influence on isokinetic peak torque and mean power when they were compared with the control condition. Paired comparison also showed that the isokinetic strength and power results reported by dynamic stretching session were slightly higher than those found during the static stretching session. Conclusions. Short pre-exercise static and dynamic lower-limb stretching routines did not elicit stretching-induce reductions or improvements in knee flexor and knee extensor isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength. In addition, the findings of the current study support the claim that dynamic stretching may be preferable to static stretching as part of a warm-up designed to prepare for physical activity (AU)


Objetivos: Examinar e comparar os efeitos agudos de uma rotina de alongamentos estáticos e dinâmicos de curta duração sobre o pico de força máxima e potência média da flexão e extensão concêntrica e excêntrica do joelho. Método: Quarenta e nove adultos ativos completaram os seguintes protocolos de intervenção em dias distintos: sem alongamento, alongamento estático e alongamento dinâmico. Depois da intervenção de alongamento ou controle, o pico de força máxima e a potência média da flexão, extensão concêntrica e excêntrica do joelho foram medidos em posição pronada. As medidas foram comparadas através de uma análise fatorial ANOVA intergrupo. Resultados: Tanto o protocolo de alongamento estático quanto o protocolo de alongamento dinâmico tiveram influência sobre o pico de força máxima e potência média isocinética quando comparados com a condição controle. As comparações por pares também mostraram que os resultados de força e potência isocinética durante a sessão de alongamento dinâmico foram ligeiramente maiores que os encontrados durante a sessão de alongamento estático. Conclusão: Uma rotina de curta duração de alongamentos estáticos ou dinâmicos de membros inferiores não produziram alterações na força isocinética concêntrica e excêntrica da flexão e extensão do joelho. Além disso, os achados do presente estudo corroboram com a ideia de que alongamento dinâmico poderia ser preferível ao invés do alongamento estático, como parte do aquecimento antes da atividade física


Subject(s)
Warm-Up Exercise/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Plyometric Exercise , Kinetics , Knee Joint , Muscle Contraction
3.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 6(3): 120-128, sept. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113974

ABSTRACT

Las pruebas de valoración basadas en medidas angulares son empleadas frecuentemente en el ámbito clínico y científico para estimar y monitorizar la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural. Son varias las pruebas angulares descritas en la literatura científica, entre las que se destacan: a) la prueba de elevación de la pierna recta; b) la prueba del ángulo poplíteo; y c) las pruebas que estudian la disposición de la pelvis y la porción caudal del raquis lumbar en posición de máxima flexión de tronco, diferenciando entre "pruebas lumbo-vertical en flexión" y "pruebas lumbo-horizontal en flexión". Se han descrito limitaciones e inconvenientes para todos los protocolos, fundamentalmente en cuanto a la posible participación de pelvis y raquis, posición de la articulación del tobillo (en flexión dorsal o posición neutra), diferentes límites de normalidad en las exploraciones, aplicación de distinta velocidad y fuerza en la realización de los tests, existencia o no de calentamiento previo y variabilidad de los instrumentos empleados. Esta especificidad metodológica puede repercutir en la decisión final de elección de una u otra prueba por parte de científicos, clínicos y demás profesionales del ámbito de las Ciencias del Deporte. Por ello, los objetivos principales de esta revisión bibliográfica son: describir la metodología de valoración de las pruebas angulares más empleadas en el ámbito clínico y científico; así como aportar valores de referencia que puedan ser utilizados por los profesionales para categorizar la flexibilidad isquiosural como normal o acortamiento(AU)


The assessment tests based on angular measurements are widely used to estimate and monitor hamstring muscle flexibility in both clinic and scientific settings. Several angular assessment tests have been described in the scientific literature, among which stand out: a) the straight leg raise test; b) the knee extension test; and c) the assessment tests that study the hip position and the caudal portion of lumbar spine at maximal trunk flexion position, distinguishing between "vertical hip joint angle" and "horizontal hip joint angle". Several limitations have been reported regarding the precision of these tests to estimate hamstring flexibility, such as: the influence of pelvis and spine movements, the position of the ankle joint (neutral position vs. dorsi-flexion), the use of different cut off values, the magnitude of the strength and speed used to carry on the tests, the warm-up design and the variability of the measurement tools used. This variability in the assessment methodologies might affect the final decision of choosing one or another assessment test by scientists, clinicians, and sport practitioners. Therefore, the main purposes of the current literature review are: to describe the assessments methodology of the most common angular tests used in clinic and scientific settings, as well as to report the cut-off values, which could be used for practitioners in order to categorize the hamstring flexibility as normal or limited(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sports Medicine/methods , Sports Medicine/trends , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Movement/physiology , Movement Disorders/epidemiology , Movement Disorders/physiopathology , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Exercise Movement Techniques/standards , Exercise Movement Techniques , Exercise Movement Techniques/organization & administration , Exercise Movement Techniques/trends , Peroneal Nerve/physiology
4.
Phys Ther Sport ; 14(2): 98-104, 2013 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23007137

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: (1) to analyse the accumulative effects of a 12-week active stretching program on hip flexion passive range of motion (HF-PROM), and (2) to compare whether participants with different PROM baseline scores (normal and limited hamstring flexibility) respond in the same way to stretching. DESIGN: Repeated measures design. SETTING: Controlled laboratory environment. PARTICIPANTS: 138 males were categorized according to hamstring flexibility in the unilateral passive straight-leg raise test (PSLR) and assigned to one of two groups: normal hamstring flexibility (≥80°) or limited hamstring flexibility (<80°). In each group, participants were randomly distributed into one of two treatment subgroups: (a) control or (b) active stretching. The active stretching subgroups performed 12 weeks of flexibility training, the control subgroups did not stretch. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HF-PROM was determined through the PSLR test. RESULTS: Both stretching subgroups significantly improved (p < 0.01) their HF-PROM from baseline. The control subgroups did not. CONCLUSIONS: 12 weeks of an active stretching program performed 3 days per week with a daily stretch dose of 180 s improved HF-PROM in both populations (normal and limited hamstring flexibility). The stretching program was equally effective in terms of absolute improvement values for males with normal and limited hamstring flexibility.


Subject(s)
Hip Joint/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Range of Motion, Articular , Adult , Humans , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Thigh/physiology , Young Adult
5.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging ; 33(1): 45-54, 2013 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23216765

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study was to determine the absolute and relative reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT), angle of peak torque (APT), average power (PW) and total work (TW) for knee flexion and extension during concentric and eccentric actions measured in a prone position at 60, 180 and 240° s(-1). A total of 50 recreational athletes completed the study. PT, APT, PW and TW for concentric and eccentric knee extension and flexion were recorded at three different angular velocities (60, 180 and 240° s(-1)) on three different occasions with a 72- to 96-h rest interval between consecutive testing sessions. Absolute reliability was examined through typical percentage error (CV(TE)), percentage change in the mean (ChM) and relative reliability with intraclass correlations (ICC(3,1)). For both the knee extensor and flexor muscle groups, all strength data (except APT during knee flexion movements) demonstrated moderate absolute reliability (ChM < 3%; ICCs > 0·70; and CV(TE) < 20%) independent of the knee movement (flexion and extension), type of muscle action (concentric and eccentric) and angular velocity (60, 180 and 240° s(-1)). Therefore, the current study suggests that the CV(TE) values reported for PT (8-20%), APT (8-18%) (only during knee extension movements), PW (14-20%) and TW (12-28%) may be acceptable to detect the large changes usually observed after rehabilitation programmes, but not acceptable to examine the effect of preventative training programmes in healthy individuals.


Subject(s)
Exercise Test , Knee Joint/physiology , Muscle Contraction , Muscle Strength , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Prone Position , Analysis of Variance , Biomechanical Phenomena , Exercise Test/instrumentation , Female , Humans , Male , Muscle Strength Dynamometer , Observer Variation , Predictive Value of Tests , Reproducibility of Results , Time Factors , Torque , Young Adult
6.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 5(4): 127-133, dic. 2012.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-109156

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Analizar el efecto agudo de un protocolo de estiramientos estáticos activos de corta duración sobre la potencia y máxima fuerza isocinética concéntrica y excéntrica de la flexión y extensión de rodilla en deportistas recreativos. Método. Un total de 27 hombres y 25 mujeres completaron tres sesiones de evaluación, una inicial de familiarización y dos experimentales (control y estiramientos en orden aleatorio), con un intervalo de 72-96 horas entre sesiones consecutivas. El protocolo de estiramientos estáticos activos consistió en cinco ejercicios unilaterales diseñados para estirar los principales grupos musculares de la extremidad inferior. Cada ejercicio de estiramiento fue realizado dos veces, manteniendo la posición de estiramiento durante 30 s (2 x 30 s), con un periodo de descanso entre serie, pierna contralateral y/o ejercicio de 20 s. En la sesión de control no se realizó el programa de estiramientos. Inmediatamente después de ambos tratamientos (control y estiramientos), se valoraron los índices isocinéticos pico de fuerza máximo (PFM) y potencia media (PM) durante los movimientos de flexión y extensión de rodilla concéntrica y excéntrica. Resultados. El análisis ANOVA llevado a cabo reveló la no existencia de un efecto de interacción significativo entre las sesiones de evaluación (control y estiramiento) para las variables PFM y PM (concéntrica y excéntrica) de la flexión y extensión de rodilla. Conclusiones. Un protocolo de estiramientos estáticos activos de corta duración (2 x 30 s por grupo muscular) del miembro inferior no causó una alteración negativa en la potencia y máxima fuerza isocinética concéntrica y excéntrica de la flexión y extensión de rodilla(AU)


Aim. To analyze the acute effect of a short duration active-static stretching protocol on maximal isokinetic strength and power output during concentric and eccentric flexion and extension knee movements in recreational athletes. Method. A total of 27 males and 25 females completed three measurement sessions, an initial session of familiarization and two experimental session (control and active stretching in randomized order) with 72-96 hours interval among consecutive sessions. The active stretching protocol consisted in 5 different unilateral exercises designed to stretch the major lower limb muscle groups. Each stretching exercise was performed twice, holding the position during 30s (2 x 30s), with a rest-interval among series, contra-lateral leg and /or exercises of 20s. In the control session no stretching exercises were performed. Immediately after performed both treatments (control and stretching), the isokinetic indexes of peak torque (PT) and average power (AP) were tested during concentric and eccentric flexion and extension knee movements. Results. The ANOVA analysis carried out revealed no significant interaction effect between testing sessions (control and stretching) for knee flexion and knee extension peak torque and mean power in both concentric and eccentric muscle contractions. Conclusions. Short (2 x 30s per muscle group) pre-exercise active-static lower-limb stretching routine did not elicit stretching-induce reductions in knee flexor and knee extensor isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Reflex, Stretch/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/education , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Muscle Stretching Exercises/trends , Knee/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Physical Exertion/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/instrumentation , Muscle Stretching Exercises/standards , Sports/physiology , Analysis of Variance
7.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 12(2,supl): 23-30, jul.-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-125359

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la fiabilidad absoluta de las pruebas de estimación de la flexibilidad de la musculatura del tríceps sural ROM-soleo y ROM-gemelo a través de un diseño de medidas repetidas. 25 jugadores senior de balonmano completaron 3 sesiones de evaluación del ROM articular de la dorsi-flexión del tobillo con rodilla flexionada (ROM-soleo) y extendida (ROM-gemelo) con un intervalo de 2 semanas entre sesiones consecutivas. La fiabilidad absoluta fue examinada mediante el cálculo de los estadísticos cambio en la media (CM) entre sesiones de valoración, porcentaje del error (..) (AU)


The purpose of this study was to examine the absolute reliability of both ROM-soleus and ROM-gastrocnemic tests for estimating triceps surae flexibility throughout a repeated measures design. 25 senior handball players completed 3 measurement sessions of dorsi-flexion ankle ROM with knee flexed (ROM-soleus) and extended (ROM-gastrocnemic) with a 2-weeks rest interval between consecutive sessions. The absolute reliability was (..) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular , Motion , Sports/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Reproducibility of Results , Observer Variation
8.
Phys Ther Sport ; 13(4): 219-26, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23068896

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: 1) to examine the test-retest reproducibility and criterion-related validity of the sit and reach test (SRT) and the toe touch test (TT) for estimating hamstring flexibility measured through the passive straight leg raise test (PSLR); and 2) to determine whether the SRT cut-off scores may be used for the TT test to identify participants in this sample of young healthy adults as having short hamstring flexibility. DESIGN: Test-retest design. SETTING: Controlled laboratory environment. PARTICIPANTS: 243 active recreationally young adults. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants performed the SRT, the TT test and PSLR twice in a randomized order with a 4-week interval between trials. Reproducibility was examined using typical percentage error (coefficient of variation [CV]) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as well as their respective confidence limits. Regression and Kappa correlation statistical analyses were performed to study the association of the SRT and TT test with the PSLR test and the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between SRT and TT test were calculated to explore differences in the mean differences between these measurements. RESULTS: The finding showed acceptable reproducibility measures for SRT (8.74% CV; 0.92 ICC), TT test (9.86% CV; 0.89 ICC) and PSLR (5.46% CV; 0.85 ICC). The SRT (R² = 0.63) and TT test (R² = 0.49) were significantly associated with PSLR. The 95% LoA between SRT and TT test reported systematic bias (2.84 cm) and wide 95% random error (±9.72 cm). CONCLUSIONS: Reproducibility of SRT, TT test and PSLR is acceptable and the criterion-related validity of SRT and TT test is moderate. Furthermore, the SRT cut-off scores should not be used for TT test for the detection of short hamstring muscles.


Subject(s)
Exercise Test , Leg/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Recreation , Toes/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Motor Activity/physiology , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics as Topic , Thigh/physiology , Young Adult
9.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 5(3): 105-112, sept. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-107471

ABSTRACT

La realización sistematizada de rutinas de estiramiento es una práctica muy común en el ámbito clínico y físico-deportivo con el propósito principal de mantener o mejorar la amplitud de movimiento de una articulación o conjunto de articulaciones. Además, los estiramientos parecen ser un medio muy indicado para el cuidado, la prevención y el mantenimiento de las capacidades físicas de cada individuo o para su desarrollo. No todos los estiramientos se realizan de la misma manera o persiguen el mismo objetivo. En función del contexto (clínica, calentamiento, vuelta a la calma, sesiones específicas), la aplicación de unas u otras técnicas será más apropiada para conseguir los objetivos propuestos. Así, es de vital importancia que médicos, entrenadores, preparadores físicos y demás miembros del ámbito de la actividad físico-deportiva conozcan las características, ventajas e inconvenientes de cada una de las diferentes técnicas de estiramiento existentes en la literatura científica. Sin embargo, los términos empleados en la literatura científica para describir las diversas maniobras o técnicas de estiramiento son, a menudo, confusos debido principalmente a que clínicos e investigadores suelen emplear diferentes vocablos para describir el mismo fenómeno. Por lo tanto, los objetivos principales de este trabajo fueron: a) describir las técnicas de estiramiento más empleadas en la literatura científica, y b) analizar la literatura científica existente en lo relativo a qué técnicas de estiramiento son más eficaces para la mejora de la flexibilidad(AU)


The systematic performance of stretching routines is very common in clinic and sport setting with the main purpose of maintain or improve the range of movement in a joint or group of joints. In addition, stretching seems to be an indicate way for the care, prevention and maintenance of the abilities of each individual or for their development. Not all stretches are performed in the same way or seek the same objective. Depending on the context (rehabilitation, warm-up, cool down, specific sessions), the application of one of those techniques will be more appropriate to achieve the objectives. Thus, it is vital that clinicians, coaches, physical trainers and other members of the physical activity and sport setting know the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each stretching technique existing in the literature. However, the terms used in the scientific literature to describe the different stretching techniques are confuses due mainly that clinicians and researches used different concepts for describing the same phenom. Therefore, the main purposes of this manuscript were: a) to describe the more common stretching techniques present in the scientific literature; and b) to analyze the current scientific literature regarding to what stretching techniques are more effectives for improving flexibility(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Muscle Stretching Exercises/education , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Muscle Stretching Exercises/trends , Pliability/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/instrumentation , Muscle Stretching Exercises/organization & administration , Muscle Stretching Exercises/standards , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology
10.
Int J Sports Med ; 33(11): 909-16, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22706945

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study was to determine the absolute reliability of conventional (H/Q(CONV)) and functional (H/Q(FUNC)) hamstring to quadriceps strength imbalance ratios calculated using peak torque values, 3 different joint angle-specific torque values (10°, 20° and 30° of knee flexion) and 4 different joint ROM-specific average torque values (0-10°, 11-20°, 21-30° and 0-30° of knee flexion) adopting a prone position in recreational athletes. A total of 50 recreational athletes completed the study. H/Q(CONV) and H/Q(FUNC) ratios were recorded at 3 different angular velocities (60, 180 and 240°/s) on 3 different occasions with a 72-96 h rest interval between consecutive testing sessions. Absolute reliability was examined through typical percentage error (CVTE), percentage change in the mean (CM) and intraclass correlations (ICC) as well as their respective confidence limits. H/Q(CONV) and H/Q(FUNC) ratios calculated using peak torque values showed moderate reliability values, with CM scores lower than 2.5%, CV(TE) values ranging from 16 to 20% and ICC values ranging from 0.3 to 0.7. However, poor absolute reliability scores were shown for H/Q(CONV) and H/Q(FUNC) ratios calculated using joint angle-specific torque values and joint ROM-specific average torque values, especially for H/Q(FUNC) ratios (CM: 1-23%; CV(TE): 22-94%; ICC: 0.1-0.7). Therefore, the present study suggests that the CV(TE) values reported for H/Q(CONV) and H/Q(FUNC) (≈18%) calculated using peak torque values may be sensitive enough to detect large changes usually observed after rehabilitation programmes but not acceptable to examine the effect of preventitive training programmes in healthy individuals. The clinical reliability of hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios calculated using joint angle-specific torque values and joint ROM-specific average torque values are questioned and should be re-evaluated in future research studies.


Subject(s)
Knee Joint/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Adolescent , Exercise Test , Female , Humans , Male , Quadriceps Muscle/physiology , Range of Motion, Articular , Reproducibility of Results , Torque , Young Adult
11.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 5(2): 57-66, jun. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-102443

ABSTRACT

Las pruebas de valoración "dedos planta" o sit-and-reach, son las que con mayor frecuencia, clínicos, entrenadores y preparadores físico-deportivos emplean para estimar la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural, Son varias las pruebas sit-and-reach descritas en la literatura científica, entre las que se destacan: a) el clásico sit-and-reach test, b) el V "sit-and-reach" test, c) el back-saver sit-and-reach test, d) el "modificado sit-and-reach test" y e) el toe-touch test. Existen ciertas diferencias entre ellas con respecto a la posición del sujeto (unilateral o bilateral, sedentación o bipedestación, posición de la pelvis) y el equipamiento necesario (evaluado con o sin cajón de medición, ejecutado en una camilla, banco o suelo). La elección de uno u otro test va a estar en función de: a) la funcionalidad de su metodología de evaluación; b) de su fiabilidad absoluta y relativa (intra- e interexaminador) así como c) de su validez para la estimación de la flexibilidad isquiosural. Todo este conocimiento permitirá a clínicos, entrenadores y profesionales del mundo de la actividad física disponer de información suficiente para adoptar un juicio de valor científicamente justificado sobre qué prueba de valoración sit-and-reach utilizar para categorizar a sus deportistas-pacientes (estudio de la validez) y/o monitorizar la eficacia de los tratamientos aplicados (estudio de la fiabilidad absoluta y relativa) para el mantenimiento o mejora de la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural. Los objetivos de esta revisión bibliográfica son analizar y comparar la fiabilidad y validez de las pruebas sit-and-reach para la estimación de la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural y lumbar(AU)


The sit-and-reach tests are widely used for clinicians, coaches and sport scientist to estimate hamstring flexibility. Several sit-and-reach tests have been reported in the scientific literature, such as: a) classic sit-and-reach test, b) V sit-and-reach test, c) back-saver sit-and-reach test, d) modified sit-and-reach test and e) toe-touch test. There are some differences regarding the subject position (uni- or bilateral, sitting or standing, hip position) and the equipment used (measuring with or without a box, executed on the table or floor) among sit-and-reach tests. The choice of either test will be based on: a) the functionality of assessing methodology; b) the relative and absolute reliability (intra and inter tester); as well as c) the validity for estimating hamstring flexibility. This knowledge will allow clinicians, coaches and physical conditioning trainer to select an appropriate sit-and-reach test to categorize their athletes-patients (validity study) and to monitor the efficacy of the treatment performed (relative and absolute reliability study) for maintenance or improvement hamstring muscle flexibility. The main purposes of this systematic review are to analyze and compare the reliability and validity of sit and reach tests for estimating hamstring and low back flexibility(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Reproducibility of Results/instrumentation , Reproducibility of Results/methods , Reproducibility of Results/standards , Sports/education , Sports/physiology , Reproducibility of Results/trends , Muscles/physiology
12.
Rev. andal. med. deporte ; 5(2): 37-74, jun. 2012. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-102444

ABSTRACT

Las pruebas de valoración basadas en medidas angulares son empleadas frecuentemente en el ámbito clínico y científico para estimar y monitorizar la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural. Son varias las pruebas angulares descritas en la literatura científica, entre las que destacan: a) la prueba de elevación de la pierna recta; b) la prueba del ángulo poplíteo y c) las pruebas que estudian la disposición de la pelvis y la porción caudal del raquis lumbar en posición de máxima flexión de tronco, diferenciando entre "pruebas lumbo-vertical en flexión" y "pruebas lumbo-horizontal en flexión". Se han descrito limitaciones e inconvenientes en todos los protocolos, fundamentalmente en cuanto a la posible participación de pelvis y raquis, la posición de la articulación del tobillo (en flexión dorsal o flexión plantar), diferentes límites de normalidad en las exploraciones, aplicación de distinta velocidad y fuerza en la realización de los test, existencia o no de calentamiento previo y variabilidad de los instrumentos empleados. La elección de uno u otro test debe estar basada en: a) la funcionalidad de su metodología de evaluación; b) su fiabilidad absoluta y relativa (intra- e interexaminador) y c) su validez para la estimación de la flexibilidad isquiosural. Todo este conocimiento permitirá disponer de información suficiente para adoptar un juicio de valor científicamente justificado sobre qué prueba de exploración angular utilizar para categorizar a sus deportistas-pacientes (estudio de la validez) y/o monitorizar la eficacia de los tratamientos aplicados (estudio de la fiabilidad absoluta y relativa) para el mantenimiento o mejora de la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural. Por ello, los objetivos de esta revisión bibliográfica son analizar y comparar la fiabilidad y validez de las pruebas angulares para la estimación de la flexibilidad de la musculatura isquiosural(AU)


The angular measurement tests are widely used to assess and monitor hamstring muscle flexibility in both clinic and scientific settings. Several angular measurement tests have been reported in the scientific literature, such as: a) straight leg raise test; b) knee extension test; and c) hip joint angle or sacrum angle test. Several limitations have been reported regarding the precision of these tests to asses hamstring flexibility, such as: the influence of pelvis and spine movements, the position of the ankle joint (plantarflexion vs. dorsi-flexion), the use of different cut off values, the magnitude of the strength and speed used to perform the tests, the warm-up design and the variability of the measurement tools used. The choice of either test will be based on: a) the functionality of assessing methodology; b) the relative and absolute reliability (intra and inter tester) and c) the validity for estimating hamstring flexibility. This knowledge will allow to select an appropriate angular test to categorize their athletes-patients (validity study) and to monitor the efficacy of the treatment performed (relative and absolute reliability study) for maintenance or improvement hamstring muscle flexibility. Therefore, the main purposes of this systematic review are to analyze and compare the reliability and validity of angular tests for estimating hamstring(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pliability/physiology , Validation Studies as Topic , Movement/physiology , Motor Activity/physiology , Exercise Movement Techniques/organization & administration , Exercise Movement Techniques/trends , Psychomotor Performance/physiology
13.
Phys Ther Sport ; 12(4): 175-81, 2011 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22085711

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To examine the criterion related validity of the sit-and-reach test (SR), toe touch test (TT), modified sit-and-reach test (MSR) and back-saver sit-and-reach test (BSSR) for estimating hamstring flexibility measured through the passive straight leg raise test (PSLR) in professional futsal players. DESIGN: Correlation laboratory study. SETTING: Controlled laboratory environment. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and three futsal players (55 males age 26 ± 4 years, 48 females age 23 ± 5 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two trials of SR, TT, MSR, BSSR (left and right) and PSLR right and left (hamstring criterion measure) in a randomized order. RESULTS: Regression analysis was performed to examine the association of SR, TT, MSR and BSSR with PSLR in both males and females separately. In males, only MSR test had moderate association criterion with PSLR (R(2) = 0.57). In females, SR (R(2) = 0.86), TT (R(2) = 0.85), MSR (R(2) = 0.53) and average BSSR (R(2) = 0.82) were associated with PSLR. CONCLUSIONS: SR, TT, MSR and BSSR had moderate criterion related validity for estimating hamstring flexibility in female but not male professional futsal players. The authors recommend that researchers, clinicians, and physical therapists adopt one angular test as a measure of hamstring muscle length in futsal players.


Subject(s)
Leg/physiology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Pliability/physiology , Sports/physiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Statistics as Topic
14.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness ; 50(4): 428-35, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21178929

ABSTRACT

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the hamstring flexibility progression through hip flexion passive range of motion before (baseline hip flexion PROM, lasting 6 weeks), during (effect of stretching program, lasting 8 weeks) and after (flexibility retention, lasting 4 weeks) an 8-week active stretching program in female professional futsal players. METHODS: Eighteen young adult professional female futsal players completed this study. An uninterrupted, longitudinal repeated-measures design was employed with participants randomly assigned into two groups: control and stretching group. The stretching group performed an 8-week active stretching program. The unilateral passive straight leg raise test was used to assess hip flexion PROM (hamstring extensibility) at 2, 4, and 6 weeks before the stretching program, at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks during the stretching program and at 2 and 4 weeks after the stretching program. RESULTS: The analysis of the initial phase revealed that baseline hip flexion PROM had an irregular tendency with positive and negative peak hamstring ROM. An 8-week active stretching program improved hip flexion ROM 26.0±8.8% (P<0.05). Four weeks after the stretching program ended, hip flexion PROM retention showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The effect of acute stretching prior to intensive physical activities should be considered by strength and conditioning specialists before using this active stretching program as part of a pre-exercise warm up routine.


Subject(s)
Hip Joint/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Adult , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Sports/physiology , Young Adult
15.
Int J Sports Med ; 31(6): 389-96, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20309785

ABSTRACT

The ACSM flexibility training recommendations emphasize proper stretching of muscles supporting the major joints, but there is a little evidence to support this recommendation in terms of effectiveness, and which stretching parameters (technique and single stretch duration) are more adequate. A randomized controlled clinical trial design was use to investigate whether the ACSM flexibility training recommendation parameters improve hip flexion range of motion. A total of 173 subjects, 122 men (21.3+/-2.5 years; 176.33+/-8.35 cm; 74.42+/-10.80 kg) and 51 women (20.7+/-1.6 years; 163.43+/-6.57 cm; 60.12+/-7.88 kg), classified as recreationally active young adult university students were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 groups: 1 control group (no stretching) or 1 of 6 stretching groups. All stretching groups performed 12 weeks of flexibility training with a consistent stretch daily dose (180 s) and frequency (3 days per week) parameters and different stretch technique (passive or active) and single stretch duration (15, 30, or 45 s). Hip flexion passive range of motion (PROM) was determined through the bilateral straight-leg raise test before, during (at 4 and 8 weeks), and after the program (12 weeks). All stretching groups performed hip flexion PROM after flexibility training. A significant improvement was identified in mean PROM for each stretching group, but no significant differences were found between stretch technique and single stretch duration (p>0.05). The control group's mean PROM decreased (Delta PROM: -0.08 degrees, 95% confidence interval [CI]=-2.3 to 5.3), whereas all stretching groups increased PROM (Delta PROM: 15.14 degrees, 95% CI=10.19 to 23.56) in hip flexion after 12 weeks of stretching (p<0.05). The present study suggests that the current ACSM flexibility training recommendations are effective for improving hip flexion ROM in recreationally active young adults.


Subject(s)
Leg/physiology , Muscle Stretching Exercises/methods , Pliability/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Muscle Stretching Exercises/standards , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Young Adult
16.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 9(supl.): 27-27, jul.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-106956

ABSTRACT

En la actividad deportiva, son muchos los estudios que han demostrado relaciones significativas entre el nivel de autoeficacia y el rendimiento deportivo (Warnick, & Warnick, 2009). En concreto en baloncesto, Balaguer, Colilla, Gimeno y Soler (1990), con una muestra formada por jugadores senior, y Lázaro y Villamarín (1993), indican una relación estadísticamente significativa y muy positiva de los niveles de autoeficacia con la variable de rendimiento de puntos conseguidos y con la variable de participación de minutos jugados en competición. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer, en jugadores de baloncesto de categoría cadete, la relación entre el nivel de autoeficacia del jugador con balón con diferentes indicadores de rendimiento y con la participación individual (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Self Efficacy , Athletic Performance/statistics & numerical data , Basketball/statistics & numerical data , Group Processes , Physical Education and Training/organization & administration , Social Identification
17.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 9(supl.): 30-30, jul.-dic. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-106957

ABSTRACT

Las nuevas tendencias metodológicas en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje giran en torno a las necesidades, prioridades y evolución del propio alumno. Se basan en estilos de enseñanza cognoscitivos que buscan crear situaciones de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las que el joven jugador sepa en cada momento entender y comprender para qué utilizar una u otra acción de juego, creando una implicación activa de los jugadores de manera comprensiva e inteligente (Bund, 2008). Cumplir con las prioridades y preferencias de los jóvenes jugadores, resultará determinante para lograr un incremento por la satisfacción, lo que redunda en un incremento de adherencia por la actividad, en este caso, la práctica de baloncesto. Los objetivos del presente estudio son: a) conocer qué acciones técnico-tácticas del juego le gusta realizar en la competición al joven jugador en diferentes etapas de formación; b) averiguar en qué medida le gusta atacar y defender; c) conocer el tipo de ataque y defensa que prefieren realizar; y d) registrar el medio táctico colectivo básico más demandado por el joven jugador en diferentes etapas de formación (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Personal Satisfaction , Basketball/psychology , Competitive Behavior , Group Processes , Athletic Performance/psychology , Health Strategies
18.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(supl.2): 31-35, nov. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-151078

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: valorar la extensibilidad isquiosural en personas mayores. Material y métodos: se valoraron 177 sujetos (13 varones y 164 mujeres) que asistían a clases de mantenimiento, con edades comprendidas entre los 43 y los 80 años. La edad media fue de 63,4 ± 6,7 años, la talla media 161 ± 10 cm y el peso medio 74 ± 5,6 kg. La extensibilidad isquiosural se evaluó mediante el test de elevación de la pierna recta. Resultados: la media de flexión de la cadera derecha fue de 72 ± 13,2o y la de la cadera izquierda fue de 72,4 ± 13,8o. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los valores obtenidos con el test de la elevación de la pierna recta medido en el lado derecho y en el izquierdo. Para la pierna derecha, el 48,02% presentó valores dentro de la normalidad, el 28,81% presentó valores de cortedad grado I y el 23,16% de cortedad grado II; para la pierna izquierda el 49,94% presentó valores dentro de la normalidad, el 29,94% presentó valores de cortedad grado I y el 22,03% de cortedad grado II. Conclusiones: la mitad de los adultos y mayores que participaron en este estudio presentaron cortedad de la musculatura isquiosural, y se apreció un mayor incremento de la cortedad isquiosural conforme aumentaba la edad (AU)


Objective: to evaluate hamstring flexibility in older adults. Materials and methods: a total of 177 subjects (13 men and 164 women) aged between 43 and 80 years old (mean age = 63.4 ± 6.7 years) who attended fitness classes were evaluated. The mean height was 161 ± 10 cm and the mean weight was 74 ± 5.6 kg. Hamstring flexibility was evaluated using the straight leg raise test. Results: the mean flexion in the right hip was 72o ± 13.2o and the mean flexion of the left hip was 72.4o ± 13.8o. No significant differences were found in the values obtained from the straight leg raise test in the left and right legs. For the right leg, 48.02% of the subjects’ values were within the normal range, while 28.81% showed grade I shortness, and 23.61% showed grade II shortness. For the left leg, 49.94% showed normal values, 29.94% showed grade I shortness, and 22.03% showed grade II shortness. Conclusions: half of the adults and elderly individuals that took part in the present study had hamstring shortness, which increased in frequency with age (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Geriatrics/education , Spine/metabolism , Spine/pathology , Accidental Falls/prevention & control , Spain , Exercise/physiology , Muscular Atrophy/genetics , Low Back Pain/pathology , Mental Health/education , Geriatrics , Spine/abnormalities , Accidental Falls/mortality , Spain/ethnology , Exercise/psychology , Muscular Atrophy/metabolism , Low Back Pain/complications , Mental Health/classification
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