Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Conjunctival Neoplasms/pathology , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Neoplasm Staging , Administration, Topical , Aged , Biopsy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Conjunctival Neoplasms/drug therapy , Disease Progression , Humans , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Immunologic Factors/adverse effects , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Male , Neoplasm InvasivenessABSTRACT
IMPORTANCE: To establish that the intracranial and ophthalmologic findings present in victims of abusive head trauma can also be seen in shaken adults. OBSERVATIONS: We report 2 cases of shaken adults with intracranial and ophthalmologic findings that resulted from repetitive acceleration-deceleration injury. These findings included intracranial hemorrhages, hemorrhages involving the optic nerve sheath, intraretinal and subretinal hemorrhages, and macular folds. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The intracranial and ophthalmologic findings that are characteristic of abusive head trauma--subdural hemorrhages, optic nerve sheath hemorrhages, and retinal hemorrhages--are generally thought to be limited to young children and infants. Adults may also be victims of shaking abuse, and an ophthalmic examination may be beneficial when shaking is suspected.
