Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is elevated in recurringnonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Although it has been shown that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may predict the progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), its association with the recurrence of NMIBC has been poorly studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between NLR and disease recurrence in patients with NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 428 consecutive initially diagnosed NMIBC patients who underwent transurethral resection between January 2010 and July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients without a preoperative NLR (n = 6), without a minimum of 6 months of follow-up (n = 56), who were lost to follow-up (n = 38), or who had progressive disease during follow-up (n = 42) were excluded. The demographics, tumor characteristics, and NLRs of patients with and without tumor recurrence were compared. RESULTS: Of 286 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 68 (17.43%) had recurrent disease. Tumor size (P = 0.198), tumor type (P = 0.929), and the presence of carcinoma in situ (P = 0.373) were also similar between groups. Patients with recurrent disease had a higher mean NLR (2.62 ± 0.99 vs. 2.2 ± 0.96, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Our results show that NLR may be used as a predictor of recurrence in patients with NMIBC; however, prospective studies are required to validate these findings.

The epidemiology of premature ejaculation.

Vast advances have occurred over the past decade with regards to understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology and management of premature ejaculation (PE); however, we still have much to learn about this common sexual problem. As a standardized evidence-based definition of PE has only recently been established, the reported prevalence rates of PE prior to this definition have been difficult to interpret. As a result, a large range of conflicting prevalence rates have been reported. In addition to the lack of a standardized definition and operational criteria, the method of recruitment for study participation and method of data collection have obviously contributed to the broad range of reported prevalence rates. The new criteria and classification of PE will allow for continued research into the diverse phenomenology, etiology and pathogenesis of the disease to be conducted. While the absolute pathophysiology and true prevalence of PE remains unclear, developing a better understanding of the true prevalence of the disease will allow for the completion of more accurate analysis and treatment of the disease.