[A Questionnaire Survey of Nurses on Pharmacist Services in the Emergency Rooms at Tokushukai Medical Group].

We conducted a multicenter survey of emergency room nurses to obtain information that would be useful for the establishment of pharmacist services in emergency rooms. Notably, 199 valid responses were obtained from 12 hospitals. The most common expectation from pharmacists in the emergency room was "drug management" (70.9%), followed by "providing information to physicians regarding the patient's medication history" (59.3%), and "auditing of dosage and interaction" (57.3%). The working arrangements that the survey respondents wanted regarding pharmacists in emergency rooms were: 24 h pharmacist (41.7% wanted this arrangement), day-shift pharmacist (24.6% wanted this arrangement), 24 h on-call (17.1% wanted this arrangement), day-shift on-call (5.0% wanted this arrangement), telephone support (11.1% wanted this arrangement), and 0.5% said that there was no need for pharmacists. In the analysis of factors affecting nurse satisfaction, day-shift pharmacist was a significant factor. We hope that the results of this survey will be used as a guide for the development of emergency room pharmacist services tailored to the unique characteristics and actual working conditions of each hospital.

Catalysis of CO2 reduction by diazapyridinophane complexes of Fe, Co, and Ni: CO2 binding triggered by combined frontier MO associations involving a SOMO.

Our previous study on the photochemical CO2 reduction into CO catalyzed by the diazapyridinophane complexes of Fe, Co, and Ni revealed that (i) the Co catalyst shows the highest TOF but degrades rapidly, (ii) the Fe catalyst exhibits a lower TOF relative to Co but shows higher robustness, giving a higher TON, and (iii) the Ni complex shows no activity (Sakaguchi et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 8552). Here we show our DFT results unveiling that the Fe and Co catalysts can utilize multiple sets of frontier MO associations at the CO2 binding by including one of the SOMOs in a high-spin d7 Fe(I) and d8 Co(I) center, respectively, giving an increased driving force for these oxidative addition steps. Remarkably, two-electron reduction of CO2 to CO22- at the binding step is driven by the two electrons transferred from different d-based orbitals. The CoI species binds CO2 at the rate-limiting step with an activation barrier of 15.0 kcal mol-1, rationalizing the high initial TOF observed. However, the CoI(CO) species is given as a dead-end product, consistent with its relatively rapid deactivation. The Fe catalyst possesses a slightly higher barrier in CO2 binding (ΔG‡ = 15.8 kcal mol-1) but does not stabilize the FeI(CO) species which readily releases CO (ΔG = 3.5 kcal mol-1). The Ni catalyst has the smallest barrier in CO2 binding (ΔG‡ = 11.5 kcal mol-1) but the CO release is largely prohibited by the dead-end NiI(CO) species, consistent with its inactive character towards CO2 reduction. The combined results all satisfactorily explain the observed catalytic behaviors.

An earth-abundant system for light-driven CO2 reduction to CO using a pyridinophane iron catalyst.

Herein we report an earth-abundant photocatalytic system for CO2 reduction to CO based on an iron catalyst combined with a CuI photosensitizer. Under visible light irradiation CO is produced as the main product (TONCO = 565, TOFmaxCO = 114 h-1) with a high selectivity over H2 production (SelCO2 = 84%).