[Detection of rhesus D-antigen in mixed traces of blood and excretions].

The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of detecting rhesus D-antigen in mixed traces of blood and excreta with the use of anti-D peptides. The described absorption-elution procedure allows for the identification and measurement of D-antigen in mixed samples of blood and excreta due to specific serological properties of anti-D peptides that make them more suitable for the purpose compared with native polyclonal anti-D antibodies. The new immunological method is the first one to be used in forensic medicine for distinguishing blood Rh-antigens (e.g. D-antigen) present in mixed traces of blood and excreta. Hence, its high practical value.

[Serological detection of Rhesus antigen D in blood traces from Rh-negative (cde) people]. / O serologicheski vyiavliaemom nalichii v sledakh krovi Rezus-otritsatel'nykh (cde) lits Rhesus-antigena D.

A D-like structure was serologically detected on the internal side of Rh-negative (cde) erythrocyte membrane. This structure is absolutely inaccessible for anti-D antibodies in morphologically intact liquid blood erythrocytes. In hemolyzed erythrocytes of blood stains this antigenic structure, serologically identified as Rh antigen D, is accessible for binding with anti-D antibodies and for detection by the absorption-elution test, particularly so after blood stain treatment with proteases.

[Use of proteases to improve the sensitivity of ABO antigen detection by absorption-elution test in analysis of human excretion traces]. / Primenenie proteaz dlia povysheniia chuvstvitel'nosti vyiavleniia antigenov sistemy ABO reaktsiei absorbtsii-éliutsii pri issledovanii sledov vydelenii cheloveka.

The highest sensitivity of the absorption-elution test for detection of A, B, and H antigens in human excretion traces was observed when the excretion traces were treated with protease C and lidase (hyaluronidase) and standard erythrocytes for analysis of the resultant eluates were treated with protease C. Cross-reactions of sera with antigens of contralateral specificity were ruled out by simple dilution of the sera; the reliability of antigen detection was not lost due to pronounced increase in the sensitivity of modified absorption-elution test.

[The use of proteases for enhancing the sensitivity of detecting ABO system antigens by an absorption-elution reaction in blood stains]. / Primenenie proteaz dlia povysheniia chuvstvitel'nosti vyiavleniia antigenov sistemy ABO reaktsiei absorptsii-éliutsii v sledakh krovi.

The sensitivity of the absorption-elution test (AET) for the detection of A, B, and H antigens in blood traces can be appreciably increased by using serologically active proteases at different stages of the test. A sensitive AET modification is developed, detecting group antigens in far lesser amounts of the material than by routine AET without proteases. A higher sensitivity of the antigen-antibody reaction between enzyme-treated erythrocytes and tested blood traces permits the use of standard group-specific sera less active than usually; the actually solves the problem of deficit of the sera fit for this test.

[A rapid polycationic method for typing erythrocyte antibodies in liquid blood and stains]. / Polikationnyi ékspress-metod tipirovaniia éritrotsitarnykh antitel v zhidkoi krovi i ee piatnakh.

The new rapid polycationic method for typing erythrocytic antibodies in liquid blood and its smears permits a rapid (within 4-5 min) detection of antibodies of virtually all erythrocytic isoserological systems ABO, MNSs, Rh, P, Lewis, Duffy, and Kidd in liquid blood and the group isohemagglutinins and incomplete Rh antibodies in blood smears. The test is performed on plane surface at ambient temperature and requires no special equipment. The sensitivity of the proposed method is much superior to that of the most sensitive and routine tests: enzymatic, antiglobulin, and salt. The only exclusion were anti-K antibodies, the majority of which were not detected by modern polycationic (tube and plane) methods.

[A rapid polycation method for typing rhesus-system antigens in liquid blood]. / Polikationnyi ékspress-metod tipirovaniia antigenov sistemy rezus zhidkoi krovi.

A manual polycation rapid method for typing liquid blood rhesus antigens with the test performed on the plane has been developed. The method is simple, highly sensitive, and economic: high dilutions of standard antirhesus sera may be used.

[The frequency of ABO blood groups and the expression of group antigens and isohemagglutinins in Syrian Arabs]. / Chastota grupp krovi ABO, vyrazhennost' gruppovykh antigenov i izogemaggliutininov u arabov Sirii.

Syrian Arabs more often have blood groups A and 0 (46.25 and 37.50%, respectively) and less frequently group B (13.13%) than Slavs; group AB occurs in Arabs almost twice more rarely than in Slavs and is a rare blood group for them (3.12%). On the whole, the expression of group antigens A and B and isohemagglutinins alpha and beta is normal in Arabs. Antigen H of group 0(I) is an exclusion: it is expressed in Arabs much more intensively than in a control group of Slavs (residents of Kiev). The cause of very high titers of group antibodies in an appreciable part of residents of Kiev is unclear.

[The use of proteases for enhancing the sensitivity of reactions to detect group isohemagglutinins in the forensic medical study of blood stains]. / Primenenie proteaz dlia povysheniia chuvstvitel'nosti reaktsii vyiavleniia gruppovykh izogemaggliutininov pri sudebno-meditsinskom issledovanii sledov krovi.

Group a and b isohemagglutinins are much better detected in blood stains by enzyme-treated, but not native red cells. This is specially true for antibodies of poorly dissolved strains, whose group antibodies can be detected virtually only by enzyme-treated red cells in papain extracts possessing the highest immunological activity. Two sensitive methods for the detection of isohemagglutinins have been developed: extract titration and modified Lattes' method, permitting a reliable detection of group antibodies in old blood stains, undetectable by routine methods.

[The investigation of blood and secretion stains by the absorption-elution reaction using anti-H monoclonal antibodies]. / Issledovanie piaten krovi i vydelenii reaktsiei absorbtsii--éliutsii s pomoshch'iu monoklonal'nykh antitel anti-H.

Possible use of monoclonal antibodies anti-H in absorption-elution reaction was studied. Blood and secretion stains on gauze were analysed. Practical usefulness of monoclonal antibodies anti-H for investigation of human blood and secretions was stated. Differences in interaction of monoclonal antibodies with traces of different origin were found.