[Cross-Sectional Study on Adverse Effects of Metformin Hydrochloride on 130 Patients Type 2 Diabetic Admitted to Medical Center and Diabetes Home of Sidi Bel-Abbès]. / Étude Transversale sur les Effets Indésirables de la Chlorhydrate de Métformine chez 130 Patients Diabétiques Type 2 Admis au Centre Médical et à la Maison du Diabète de Sidi Bel-Abbès.

INTRODUCTION: MetforminHydrochloride is an antidiabetic used for many years, currently; it considered the first choice in treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It decreases insulin resistance, does not induce hypoglycaemia, increases glucose utilization in the liver and skeletal muscle, and decreases hepatic glucose production. Its adverse effects (AE) are gastrointestinal, decrease in vitamin B12 absorption, abnormalities of hemogram and rarely skin reactions. The objective of this study was to report the type and frequency of AEs of Metformin Hydrochloride used in the therapeutic management of T2D patients admitted to the medical center and the diabetes home of Sidi Bel-Abbès in Algeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out over a period of four months, from January 1st, 2017 to April 30th, 2017, involving 130 patients treated with Metformin Hydrochloride consulting at Mimoun City Diabetes Home and Gambetta Diabetes Center in the town of Sidi Bel-Abbès. The primary outcome measure was the determination of the type and frequency of AEs related to normal dosages or overdose use of Metformin Hydrochloride in T2D. Data were collected from patient records, using a questionnaire, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20 software. RESULTS: 130 patients were included, including 82 women, with a mean age of 51.08±8.85 years (30-66). One hundred and ninety-eight (198) AEs were reported, an average of 1.52 AEs per patient. Among them, 95 (47.98%) AEs are digestive disorders (30.77% of patients suffered from diarrhea, 10.77% had nausea and vomiting, 8.46% suffered from abdominal pain and bloating, 3.85% lost their taste, 7.69% complained of epigastric cramps and 11.54% of anorexia), 29 (14.65%) AEs are hypoglycaemia, 73 (36.87%) AEs are other symptoms and 1 (0.50%) EI is vitamin B12 deficiency and no cases of lactic acidosis or allergic reaction were reported. Five (3.85%) patients had a total and lasting intolerance to Metformin Hydrochloride leading to its discontinuation following persistent diarrhoea. CONCLUSION: AEs of Metformin Hydrochloride used in the management of T2D patients consulting at the medical center and the Diabetes home of Sidi Bel-Abbès are frequent. Digestive disorders were the most frequent, diarrhea was very frequent and led to discontinuation of treatment in 3.85% of T2D patients, followed by nausea and vomiting, then abdominal pain, bloating and epigastric cramps, and rarely taste metallic. Hypoglycaemia was frequent following its association with insulin, the onset of headaches and fatigue were frequent, but no case of lactic acidosis or allergic reaction was reported. Due to a lack of means, the dosage of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid had not been carried out to confirm the vitamin B12 deficiency in the patient whose level was less than 200ng/mL. A precise assessment of the imputability of reported AEs is necessary.

[Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome: a novel mutation in a Tunisian family]. / Syndrome de résistance complète aux androgènes: nouvelle mutation chez une famille tunisienne.

INTRODUCTION: Complete androgen insensitivity is a rare syndrome. It is caused by a mutation in the androgen receptor gene. We describe a novel mutation in exon 1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report the case of a 29 year-old girl with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome discovered during the exploration of a primary amenorrhoea. The family investigation revealed two other cases. RESULTS: The diagnosis was oriented by the clinical and the biological features and confirmed by the molecular study. A new mutation of the androgen receptor gene, as a deletion in exon 1 not described previously, was identified. CONCLUSION: Through these cases, clinical, hormonal and histological particularities were analysed.

[Maternal nutrition as a determinant of fetal weight: role of trace elements and vitamins]. / Alimentation maternelle et poids foetal: rôle des oligoéléments et vitamines.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal trace elements and vitamins food intake in the last month of pregnancy and assess their effect on fetal weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It is a food intake survey led near 350 pregnant women. All women participated in a nutritional survey and were at term. To examine dietary intakes, food frequency questionnaires were completed before delivery on the diet during the last 24 hours. Authors compared the maternal intakes to the recommended allowance and analyzed the correlation between these intakes and fetal weight. RESULTS: This study confirmed the influence of factors such as parity, maternal BMI and term of pregnancy on the fetal weight. The mean daily intakes of iron (10.7 mg/day), calcium (553 mg/day), zinc (6.2 mg/day), magnesium (284.3 mg/day) were lower than recommended. The mean daily intakes of vitamins C and E did not differ from recommended allowance. Only calcium intakes were significantly correlated to birth weight. CONCLUSION: We noted a deficiency of most of these intakes compared to the recommended dietary allowance. Trace elements and vitamins C, E maternal-food intakes in the end of pregnancy don't seem to be a significant determinant of foetal weight.

[An overview of premenstrual syndrome]. / Le syndrome prémenstruel: revue générale.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a recurrent disorder that occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. It is characterized by intense physical, psychological, and behavioral changes that interrupt interpersonal relationships and disrupt the lives of affected women. Premenstrual syndrome is believed to affect 75% of women of childbearing age. Because no tests can confirm PMS, the diagnosis should be made on the basis of a patient-completed daily symptom calendar and the exclusion of other medical disorders. PMS symptoms occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and remit with the onset of menstruation or shortly afterward. The aetiology of PMS is still unknown uncertain, but are likely associated with aberrant responses to normal hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. A wide range of therapeutic interventions has been tested in the treatment of premenstrual symptoms. Most non-pharmacological interventions that have been proven efficacious require a series of interventions. If non-medical approaches are ineffective, drug therapy may be appropriate. Several pharmaceutics agents have been shown to relieve symptoms. Calcium carbonate and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have demonstrated excellent efficacy.

[Evaluation of mothers' knowledge in pre- and postnatal preventive care in the Tunisian Sahel]. / Evaluation des connaissances des mères concernant les soins préventifs pré et postnatals dans le Sahel tunisien.

Maternal and child health is one of the major concerns of public health throughout the world. Health education and increased knowledge of mothers in relation to their health is a strategy of choice adopted in many countries for improving maternal and child health. It is within this framework that this action is being carried out, which aims to evaluate the knowledge of mothers in the area of preventive care for women. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 915 parturient women from the Monastir region (coastal region of Tunisia) at the time of delivery, between May 1 and July 26, 1996. The survey was based on a questionnaire that explores, in addition to the socio-demographic characteristics of parents, the level of surveillance during pregnancy and mothers' knowledge in relation to preventive care of women. The majority of women (95%) are aware of the importance of prenatal surveillance, yet 12% don't have any knowledge of the recommended number of prenatal visits. Concerning contraception, the tetanus vaccination and the post-natal consultation, knowledge concerning their importance is high, but practice in these areas is not. Roughly only 1/3 of mothers used contraception before their current pregnancies, and only 70% had both doses of the tetanus vaccination. Health education on preventive care received by the mothers helps increase knowledge and probably practices as well. The increase in mothers' knowledge happens with appropriate initial and continued training in health education, provided by health professionals and with the reinforcement of educational activities during each contact with the mother both during her pregnancy and in periods where she isn't pregnant.

[Tubo-ovarian xanthogranulomatous inflammation. Report of a case]. / Tubo-ovarite xanthogranulomateuse. A propos d'un cas.

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation in the female genital tract is rare and characterized by a massive infiltration of the tissue by lipid containing histiocytic cells, together with lymphocytes and plasma cells. We report a new case of Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract.

[Carcinosarcoma of the uterus. Clinical case and review of the literature]. / Carcinosarcome de l'utérus. Cas clinique et revue de la littérature.

The authors report a case of carcinosarcoma which occurred in the uterus of a 69 year old woman. The survey of literature shows that it is a scarce tumor (1-3% of the uterine cancers). Its definition and its classification are still debated. Its final diagnosis is anatomopathological. Its treatment is generally radio-chirurgical and its prognosis is bad.