ABSTRACT
The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the global surveys among youth 13-15 years old on tobacco consumption, conducted in 2004, 2015, 2021 in Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Cheboksary, Moscow, Pskov and the Russian Federation. The dynamics and trends in consumption of tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surveys used representative samples formed on the basis of all public schools. In 2004, 2015 and 2021 regional sampling included two stages. In 2021 national sampling included three stages: the selection of municipalities, schools and classes. All students of the selected classes were asked. The surveys used the same questionnaire. The total number of respondents - 38 345, the overall response rate - more than 90%. RESULTS: In the Russian Federation, in 2004-2021 among students aged 13-15, the prevalence of tobacco consumption decreased from 27.3 to 11.0%, passive smoking in homes from 76.4 to 23.1%, in closed public places from 89.4 to 23.7%. The consumption of ENDS and HTPs increased up to 16.7 and 3.5% respectively. Similar trends in consumption of products, passive smoking were identified in all the cities. CONCLUSION: The adoption in 2013 of the Federal Law "On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of second hand tobacco smoke, the consequences of tobacco consumption or the consumption of nicotine-containing products" had a significant impact on tobacco use by adolescents and reduced the prevalence of tobacco consumption and passive smoking among them by 3 times.
Subject(s)
Tobacco Use , Humans , Adolescent , Russia/epidemiology , Male , Tobacco Use/epidemiology , Tobacco Use/trends , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Monitoring the actual nutrition of various groups of the population of the Russian Federation indicates the presence of pronounced deficiencies of essential micronutrients, and above all vitamins and biologically active compounds. Deficiency of many micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a number of conditions (anxiety, depression, etc.) and non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular, cognitive and neuromuscular disorders). It reduces the effectiveness of the treatment of injuries and wounds, and also leads to a negative effect on the antioxidant protection of the body and a more pronounced response to stress. To prevent long-term consequences, the population is primarily provided with psychological assistance, not always paying due attention to healthy nutrition. The aim of the research was to substantiate and develop vitamin-mineral supplements (VMS) for special purposes to restore impaired functions in various population groups in extreme situations, including those located in the zones of a special military operation. Material and methods. A review of the literature on the problem in recent years was carried out using the databases of the RSCI, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed by the keywords "B vitamins", "vitamin-mineral supplement", "military personnel", "mood", "efficiency", "depression", "refugees", «multivitamin¼, «conflict¼, "efficiency". Results. In an emergency situation, under conditions of high physiological (physical and neuropsychiatric) stress, the requirements in micronutrients increase. An inverse association between micronutrient status and the development of symptoms of depression, sleep disturbance has been found. The analysis of the data on the administration of VMS with different composition in the nutrition of the population and law enforcement officers showed the effectiveness of its intake for all persons in the zone of military conflicts. At the same time, VMS should contain a complete set of vitamins, in doses for B vitamins 200-300% of the recommended daily intake (RDI), vitamin D and other vitamins in a dose of 100%, magnesium, zinc, iodine, iron - in doses up to 50% of RDI. The administration of such VMS for 1-6 months provides an increase in blood serum vitamin level and antioxidant activity, leads to an improvement in functional adaptation and military professional performance, increases self-esteem of health, reduces symptoms of stress and anxiety, improves the mood. Conclusion. The expediency of including VMS for special purposes in the nutrition of both military personnel and the entire population in the zone of military conflict has been proved. Enrichment of the diet with micronutrients is a reliable non-drug prevention of health disorders caused by stress in emergency.
Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Minerals , Humans , Vitamins , Micronutrients , Antioxidants , Vitamin A , Vitamin KABSTRACT
To date, there is a clear need to improve the physical resources and staffing of bureaus of forensic medicine (BFM), which do not fully correspond to the volume of forensic studies performed and current requirements for their quality and completeness. The objective of the study is to analyze the main performance indicators of BFM for the development of the main provisions of the 'Modern model of organization and performance of forensic examinations in the Russian Federation'. The detailed analysis made it possible to determine goals, objectives and targets for a set of measures to improve the forensic medical examination service of the Russian Federation.
Subject(s)
Forensic Medicine , Research Design , Russia , WorkforceABSTRACT
The article analyzes experience of interaction of public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation in area of health protection with civil society using hot-lines. The advantages and disadvantages of this type communication channel are established too. The justifications for implementation of principles of "open health care" are presented considering "hot-lines" as tool of interaction between the government and society (citizens and public organizations).
