[Clinico-genealogical study of microcirculation in diabetes mellitus type 1]. / Kliniko-genealogicheskoe izuchenie mikrotsirkuliatsii pri sakharnom diabete I tipa.

Altogether 60 patients with type I diabetes mellitus and their 29 relatives were examined. Diabetic microangiopathies were diagnosed in 29 patients, in 31 they were not found. Among relatives of the 1st degree of relationship 16 persons were with type I diabetes mellitus with angiopathies, 13 persons without angiopathies. In the patients with microangiopathies a degree of platelet aggregation significantly exceeded a similar index in the patients without microangiopathies in all age groups. In the relatives of the patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by microangiopathies, a degree of platelet aggregation was significantly higher than that in the relatives of the patients with diabetes mellitus without microangiopathies. It suggests hereditary predisposition to the development of diabetic microangiopathies. In the patients with microangiopathies there was an increase in the level of pre-beta-fraction and a decrease in the level of alpha-fraction of lipoproteins suggesting interrelationship of rheological disorders and lipid metabolism.

[Evaluation of the metabolizing function of the liver in thyrotoxicosis using the antipyrine test]. / Otsenka metaboliziruiushchei funktsii pecheni pri tireotoksikoze s pomoshch'iu antipirinovogo testa.

A study was made of pharmacometabolizing liver function in 73 patients with thyrotoxicosis of various degree and duration. The antipyrine test was used to assess pharmacometabolizing liver function. In thyrotoxicosis of moderate severity and in severe forms with the period of the disease over 1 year the half-life increased and antipyrine clearance decreased. Experimental and clinical studies confirmed that a course of therapy with antithyroid drugs promoted the normalization of disturbed pharmacometabolizing liver function.

Content of thyroid hormones in human and animal milk and in cow milk based infant formulas.

The concentration of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) as well as thyroxine binding to proteins (TBP) and free thyroxine index (FTI) were measured in human milk. In addition, the concentration of T4 in milk of rats, rabbits and cows and in cow milk based infant formulas was measured. It was found that the concentration of T4 and T3 in human milk or that of T4 in rat and rabbit milk is much higher than in corresponding colostrum. The concentrations of TGB and also TBP and FTI in human milk were much less than in blood serum. In cow milk and in cow milk based products used for infant nutrition the concentration of T4 was either undetectable or only traces were found. The data suggest that the hormonal interrelation between the mother and the fetus should operate even in the postnatal period via the excretion of some hormones by milk.

[Lactation regulation and the content of thyroid hormones in the milk of parturients and components of infant food formulas]. / Reguliatsiia laktatsii i soderzhanie tireoidnykh hormonov v grudnom moloke rodil'nits i produktakh detskogo prikorma.

The content of folliculostimulating (FSH), luteinizing (LH), thyrotropic (TTH) hormones and prolactin was studied in the blood serum of pregnant women and puerperants; also the thyroxin (T4), triiodthyronin (T3), thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) levels, and the thyroxin-binding capacity of proteins and free T4 index were determined in the blood serum and milk of puerperants during the first week of lactation. The blood serum FSH, LH, TTH and prolactin concentrations underwent definite changes connected with physiological reconstruction of the organism at these periods. The milk T4 and T3 levels showed a sharp elevation by the 6th day of lactation, this correlating with the changes in the blood serum. The milk TSH concentration was much lower than in the serum; the same regularity was revealed for the protein thyroxin-binding capacity. The free T4 index is exceedingly high in milk, being much greater than that in the blood serum. Of the 10 food products for supplementary feeding of children an insignificant amount of T4 was revealed in two only. No T4 was found in cow milk.

[Development of the response of rabbit fetal tissues to thyroxine]. / Razvitie reaktsii tkanei plodov krolikov na tiroksin.

Development of rabbit fetal tissues sensitivity to thyroxin was studied on the basis of changes in alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase activity in the liver mitochondria of pregnant rabbits and their fetuses to which thyroxin was administered at different stages of pregnancy. T4 administration up to the 23rd day of gestation caused an increase in the enzyme activity in the maternal liver mitochondria only, whereas in the fetus it was at the control level. From the 24th day of pregnancy an increase of the alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase activity was seen in the fetal liver mitochondria. This can be explained by the appearance of rabbit fetal tissues sensitivity to maternal thyroxin at this period of gestation, increasing by the end of pregnancy.

[Effect of potassium iodide and perchlorate on the process of thyroid hormone secretion]. / Vliianie iodida i perkhlorata kaliia na protsess sekretsii tireoidnykh gormonov.

The influence of potassium iodide and perchlorate on the parameters characterizing the thypoid hormones secretion, such as the cAMP level in the gland tissue and the number of intracellular colloid droplets under condition of stimulation by thyrotropic hormone was studied. It was shown that the abovementioned parameters were depressed by an excess of iodide, but perchlorate administration prevented the inhibitory effect of iodide. The results obtained favour the conception on the sensitivity of the thyroid adenylate cyclase system to the organic iodine concentration. Apparently and excess of iodide depressed the capacity of perchlorate to influence its concentration in the gland, and thereby the process of iodine organification and of the thyroid hormone secretion maintained at the optimal leve.

[Functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system of women during pregnancy]. / Osobennosti funktsional'nogo sostoianiia gipofizarno-tireoidnoi sistemy u zhenshchin v period beremennosti.

Functional condition of the hypophysio-thyroid system was studied in physiological pregnancy by protein-bound iodine, T4, T3, thyrotropic hormone indices; the function proved to become more intense with the advance of pregnancy. A significant change of the T3 level during the early periods of pregnancy is possibly connected with the high hormone uptake at that period. A sharp elevation of the hormone-binding capacity of the blood serum proteins prevented the development of hyperthyroidism, this being confirmed by the results of the free thyroxin index determination.

[Thyroid hormone metabolism and the functional activity of the thyroid gland in mother and fetus]. / Metabolizm tireoidnykh gormonov i funktsional'naia aktivnost' shchitovidnoi zhelezy materi i ploda.

The functional activity of the thyroid glands of the pregnant rats and their foetuses prior to the birth and the deiodizing ability of the liver of the mother and the foetus on the 18-th day of pregnancy were studied. The reliable differences were shown between the levels of protein bound iodine in the blood serum of the pregnant rats as compared with the control ones, as well as the high content of thyroid hormones in the blood serum of the foetuses. The process of thyroxin and diiodothyrosine deiodizing in the foetal liver was more active than in the mother. The results obtained suggest the increase of functional activity of the thyroid gland in the mother by the end of pregnancy and the presence of such an activity in the foetus, as well as the high activity of the deiodizing system in the foetal liver during the last days of prenatal development.

[State of the pituitary--thyroid gland system in pregnant rabbits, fetuses and newborn rabbits]. / Sostoianie sistemy gipofiz--shchitovidnaia zheleza u beremennykh drol'chikh, plodov i novorozhdennykh krol'chat

The paper deals with the study of the functional condition of the hypophysis-thyroid system in pregnant rabbits and their fetuses during last trimester of gestation. The 131I uptake and the hormonal synthesis proved to be increased in the maternal and fetal thyroid glands during the 12rd--27th days of pregnancy; this was confirmed by the changes in the histostructure of the gland and was apparently connected with the increased thyroxin requirement in the maternal-fetal system at this period. These changes were preceded by the enhancement of the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis. No such correlation was present in the fetus. These data served as the evidence that the functional activity of the maternal hypophysis-at the functional activity of the maternal hypophysis-thyroid system rapidly changed depending on the requirement of the pregnant organism in thyroid hormone.

The functional state of the thyroid gland of the mother and fetus in the prenatal development of rabbits.

The functional state of the thyroid gland of the mother and fetus was studied in different periods of intrauterine development of rabbits, as well as in newborn rabbits according to the level of protein-bound iodine (PBI) in the blood plasma and thyroid gland tissue. Similar studies were conducted after a thyroidectomy of females on the 10th-12th day of pregnancy in order to demonstrate the possibility of mutual compensation of the hormonal function under pathological conditions. The level of PBI in the blood plasma of the mother clearly increases in the second half of pregnancy and decreases sharply after birth. The content of PBI in the fetal blood plasma increases continuously beginning with the 22nd day of intrauterine development. The level of PBI in the thyroid gland tissue both of the mother and the fetus increases sharply at the end of pregnancy. In fetuses of thyroidectomized females the amount of PBI in the blood plasma and thyroid gland tissue on the 22nd day of pregnancy considerably exceeded that in normal fetuses.