Examination of Non-Infected Operatively-Excised Bioprostheses in the Aortic Valve Position to Determine the Reason for their Dysfunction.

Described herein are findings in 55 non-infected bioprostheses that had been in the aortic valve position from 2 to 276 months (mean 107). The major purpose of this study was to illustrate the variable causes prompting excision of the bioprostheses. Fifty-three (96%) patients survived ≥ 30 days following the bioprosthetic excision and 50 (91%) patients lived ≥1 year postoperatively. The techniques used to explant the bioprostheses appear to vary considerably among the operating surgeons.

Body Mass Index in Patients With Operatively-Excised Congenitally Bicuspid Aortic Valves Comparing Those With Stenotic to Those With Purely Regurgitant Valves.

Several publications have examined the body mass index (BMI) in patients having aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis with and without a congenitally bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). The present study examines BMI in 536 adults having aortic valve replacement for a congenitally BAV and compares the BMI in those with stenotic vs those with purely regurgitant BAVs. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups.

Analysis of Mechanical Prostheses Excised from the Aortic Valve Position.

Described herein are certain clinical and morphologic findings in 33 patients who had their dysfunctioning native aortic valves replaced with a mechanical prosthesis and 4 to 302 months (mean 127) later had the mechanical prosthesis explanted because of developing prosthetic stenosis or regurgitation because of thrombus forming on a metallic disc, pannus on the cloth ring with overhanging the prosthetic orifice, or because of parabasilar regurgitation. Of the 33 patients, 25 were not infected and 8 were infected. At follow-up at least 23 of the 25 patients without infection and 7 of the 8 patients with prosthetic infection survived >1 year after the prosthetic valve explantation.

Infective Endocarditis Involving a Bioprosthesis in the Aortic Valve Position with Operative Excision.

Described herein are findings in 15 infected bioprostheses that had been in place from 5 to 120 months (mean 42). The major purpose was to show multiple photographs of the operatively-excised bioprostheses to illustrate the variable causes prompting excision of the bioprostheses. Eleven patients survived ≥ 30 days following the bioprosthetic excision and 9 patients lived longer than 1 year postoperatively. The techniques to explant the infected bioprosthesis appears to vary a bit among the operating surgeons.

Analysis of Dysfunctioning Mechanical Prostheses Excised from the Mitral Valve Position.

Described herein are findings in 16 patients who had their dysfunctioning mechanical prostheses in the mitral valve position replaced. The mechanical prostheses had been in place from 2 to 157 months (mean 80). All but 1 patient had the mechanical prosthesis excised because of prosthetic stenosis or regurgitation or both secondary to prosthetic thrombus (despite warfarin therapy) on cloth-ring "pannus" overlaying the orifice or parabasilar detachment ("leak"). The dysfunction was the result of non-infected causes in 13 patients and to infective causes in 3. Three patients (19%) died in the early post-operative period; the other 13 patients survived >1 year. The prostheses were excised in a variety of methods by the explanting surgeons. The best procedure to excise the mechanical prosthesis appears to be mainly operator dependent.

Examination of Operatively-Excised Bioprostheses in the Mitral Valve Position to Determine the Reason for Dysfunction.

Described herein are some clinical and morphologic findings in 23 patients who underwent operative replacement of a previously implanted bioprosthesis in the mitral valve position. Photographs of the operatively excised bioprostheses were provided in 15 (65%) of the 23 patients. A variety of causes were responsible for the bioprosthetic dysfunction. Twelve surgeons excised the dysfunctioning bioprostheses, an average of <2/surgeon, and a variety of techniques were employed to excise the bioprosthesis.

Aortic Valve Replacement for Active Infective Endocarditis Limited to the Native Aortic Valve.

Described herein are certain clinical and morphologic findings in 27 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) for active infective endocarditis (IE) limited to the aortic valve. The major focus was to describe and illustrate the operatively-excised aortic valves. The aortic valves were tricuspid in 17 patients, and in each of them the infection appeared to involve a previously normal valve as evidenced by the cusps being entirely normal in areas where vegetation was not present. The infection in the tricuspid valves produced considerable regurgitation. Of the 10 patients in whom the IE involved a congenitally bicuspid valve, 3 were considerably calcified and stenotic before the IE occurred and the IE produced ring abscess in each of these 3 patients. In contrast, ring abscess occurred in only 1 of the 17 patients with tricuspid aortic valves. The cuspid tissue in the other 7 patients with bicuspid valves was either minimally scarred, entirely normal, and free of calcific deposits.

Morphologic Findings in Native Mitral Valves Replaced for Isolated Acute Infective Endocarditis.

Described here are some clinical and morphological observations in 37 adults having mitral valve replacement for active infective endocarditis limited to the mitral valve. The operatively-excised mitral valves are illustrated in 11 of the 37 patients, and photographs in them show that mitral valve repair in them would have been fruitless. Of the 37 patients, 32 (86%) survived the early operative period (30 days) and 31 (84%) were alive one year after the mitral operation. Of the 37 patients, 34 (92%) appeared to have had anatomically normal mitral valves before the infective endocarditis appeared.

Frequency of Congruence and Incongruence Between the Clinical and Morphological Diagnoses in Patients Having Orthotopic Heart Transplantations at the Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas From 1993 to 2020.

We studied the explanted hearts of 519 patients having Orthotopic Heart Transplant (OHT) at Baylor University Medical Center from 2013 to 2020 and compared the morphologic diagnoses to the clinical diagnoses before OHT. We then combined these findings with the findings from 314 patients who had been studied in the laboratory from 1993 to 2012. Thus, the total number of patients included in the overall study were 833. Among the 833 patients the morphologic and clinical diagnoses were congruent in 760 (91%) and incongruent in 73 (9%) cases. Most of the incongruity occurred among the patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (27/36 [75%]), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (11/19 [58%]), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (8/25 [32%]). The frequency of incongruence among 833 patients having OHT in an 27 year period was 9%, with no significant difference between the 314 patients studied from 1998 to 2012, and the 519 studied from 2013 to 2020.

Relation of the quantity of coronary calcium to the quantity of aortic calcium determined from radiographs at necropsy.

Described herein are radiographs of the heart and aorta at necropsy after "cleaning" these structures of extraneous tissue. As a consequence, the quantity of calcium is far more discernible than by computed tomography or magnetic resonance or ultrasonic imaging during life or before extraneous tissues are removed at necropsy. We illustrate these radiographic images at necropsy in three patients to show that the relative amount of calcific deposits in the coronary arteries and aorta may be subjectively similar or one of these structures may have far more calcium in the arterial walls than the other. The reasons for these differences are unclear.

Pseudoaneurysm of the Ascending Aorta at the Cannulation Site Diagnosed More Than Four Decades After Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect.

Described herein is a 69-year-old woman who developed a large saccular aortic aneurysm at a previous cannulation site for repair of a ventricular septal defect at age 25 years. The aneurysm was resected and proved histologically to be a false one. The long interval between operations (44 years) exceeds those reported previously.