Parenting Stress in Autistic and ADHD Children: Implications of Social Support and Child Characteristics.

High levels of parenting stress have been detected in mothers of children with Autism (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comparing with mothers of typically developing (TD) children. The current study explored the implications of social support (confidant and affective support) and child characteristics (emotional, behavioral and sleep problems) on parenting stress in ASD and ADHD. Furthermore, the differences between mothers of children with autism, ADHD and TD on the studied variables were examined.A total of 120 mothers of 30 TD children, 47 with ASD without intellectual disability and 43 with ADHD collaborated in the study. Significant differences were found between clinical and TD groups in parenting stress, social support, and child characteristics.Correlation analysis in the group with ADHD revealed that parental stress correlated significantly with social support and with children's emotional problems. In the ASD group, parental stress also correlated significantly with children's sleep and behavioral problems. Moreover, multiple regressions showed that confidant support was a significant predictor of parenting stress in both clinical groups.The findings provide new insights to consider social support as a fundamental part of treatments for parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD and ADHD.

ICP-OES analysis of total As and Cd in Columbian Oryza sativa L. rice.

Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are considered toxic elements, even at trace levels. Their accurate quantification in crops can be complex at low levels and due to interference with other elements. The aim of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method for As and Cd quantification in rice stem and grains from the production systems "Irrigated Rice Ecosystems" (IRE) and "Rainfed Rice Ecosystems" (RRE) in Colombia. Mineralisation was carried out by acid digestion using an open system with a heating plate. Metal detection was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Method adjustment, calibration, and validation were performed in accordance with AOAC standards, considering sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity parameters. The obtained method was applied to quantify levels in 259 rice stem and 443 grain samples from IRE and RRE.

Uso de tecnologías de información y comunicación para promover la autogestión de ulceras por pie diabético / Use of information and communication technologies to promote self-management of diabetic foot ulcers

Introducción: El uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en las intervenciones educativas de enfermería facilita los procesos de autogestión para lograr la adaptación en las condiciones crónicas de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa de enfermería para promover la autogestión en la prevención de ulceras por pie diabético en adultos diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en Colombia mediante la inclusión de las tecnologías de la Información y comunicación. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental con medición pre y post intervención realizado con 82 adultos que asistían a la consulta de enfermedades crónicas de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en el departamento de Boyacá Colombia Los grupos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos experimental y comparación. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de una ficha de caracterización y un cuestionario de autogestión. Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de experimental y comparación en términos de puntaje de autogestión, previo a la intervención. Sin embargo, el puntaje promedio de autogestión del grupo experimental fue significativamente mayor que el del grupo control 6 semanas después de la intervención (p<0.005) el resultado primario fueron los comportamientos de autogestión dados desde el cuidado de los pies. Se usaron las pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon y Mann Whitney. Discusión: Las intervenciones de enfermería deben soportarse en enfoques teóricos propios de la disciplina, que permita visualizar resultados específicos, en este caso la autogestión la cual requiere de estrategias como el conocimiento, la habilidad y el soporte social que apoyaran la adaptación para las situaciones de enfermedad crónica. Conclusión: La intervención educativa a partir del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación mejoro la autogestión para la prevención de heridas en pie diabético, logrando las personas un cambio en su comportamiento.

Introduction: Using information and communication technologies in nursing educational interventions facilitates self-management processes to adapt to chronic health conditions. Objetive:To evaluate the effect of a nursing educational intervention to promote self-management and prevent diabetic foot ulcers in Colombian adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus through information and communication technologies. Materials and Methods:A quasi-experimental, pre- and post-intervention study was conducted with 82 adults attending the chronic patient consultation of a second-level hospital in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Participants were randomly allocated to the experimental and comparison groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the experimental and the comparison groups in terms of preintervention self-management scores. However, the experimental group's mean self-management score was significantly higher than the control group's six weeks after the intervention (p<0.005); the primary outcome was self-management behaviors from foot care. Nonparametric Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests were used. Discussion:Nursing interventions should be supported by theoretical approaches specific to the discipline, which allow visualizing specific results, in this case self-management, which requires strategies such as knowledge, skills and social support that will support adaptation to situations of chronic illness. Conclusions: The educational intervention based on the use of information and communication technologies improved self-management for preventing diabetic foot injuries, achieving a change in people's behavior.

Introdução: O uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação nas intervenções educativas de enfermagem facilita os processos de autogestão para alcançar a adaptação em condições crônicas de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa de enfermagem para promover o autogerenciamento na prevenção de úlceras do pé diabético em adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 na Colômbia por meio da inclusão de tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quase experimental com mensuração pré e pós-intervenção realizado com 82 adultos atendidos no ambulatório de doenças crônicas de um hospital de atenção secundária do departamento de Boyacá, Colômbia. Os grupos foram aleatoriamente designados para o experimento e comparação grupos. Os dados foram coletados a partir de uma ficha de caracterização e de um questionário de autogestão. Resultados: não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos experimental e de comparação quanto ao escore de autogestão, antes da intervenção. No entanto, a pontuação média de autogerenciamento do grupo experimental foi significativamente maior do que a do grupo controle 6 semanas após a intervenção (p<0,005), sendo o desfecho primário os comportamentos de autogestão dados a partir do cuidado com os pés. Foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon e Mann Whitney. Discussão: As intervenções de enfermagem devem ser apoiadas por abordagens teóricas específicas da disciplina, que permitam a visualização de resultados específicos, neste caso a autogestão que requer estratégias tais como conhecimentos, competências e apoio social que apoiem a adaptação a situações de doença crónica. Conclusões: A intervenção educativa baseada no uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação melhorou a autogestão para a prevenção de lesões no pé diabético, proporcionando às pessoas uma mudança no seu comportamento.

Análisis del consumo, utilización y aprovechamiento de frutas y verduras entre los años 2019 y 2021 / Analysis of consumption, use and utilization of fruits and vegetables between 2019 and 2021

En 2021 se conmemoró el Año Internacional de las Frutas y Verduras (FyV). Estos alimentos cumplen un rol indispensable en la dieta, sin embargo, un amplio sector de la población no las consume en la variedad y cantidad recomendadas. A esto se suma la problemática de las pérdidas y desperdicios de alimentos, situación que trae consigo un impacto negativo a nivel social, ambiental y económico. El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar el consumo, utilización y aprovechamiento de FyV desde las perspectivas de salud y sostenibilidad. Para esto, se realizaron cuatro encuestas entre 2019 y 2021 que evaluaron diferentes dimensiones relacionadas con estos alimentos: adecuación del consumo, variedades consumidas, criterios de calidad de FyV apreciados por los consumidores y prácticas de sostenibilidad y consumo responsable. Sólo el 19% de los encuestados presentó consumos adecuados de FyV (5 o más porciones diarias). La variedad de frutas consumidas es menor que la de hortalizas, concentrándose en tres de ellas: manzana, banana y naranja. Los principales factores identificados como limitantes del consumo de FyV fueron el precio, la elevada perecibilidad de estos alimentos y la preferencia hacia otros productos. En relación a las prácticas de alimentación sostenible y los principales criterios de calidad valorados por los consumidores se observó un bajo aprovechamiento de partes comestibles de frutas o verduras, menos del 27% de los encuestados consume la fruta con cáscara, y un mayor desaprovechamiento de partes comestibles de verduras, dónde el 64% de los encuestados tira partes como tallos u hojas, aún cuando existen vías de aprovechamiento con fines no alimenticios. Por último, el factor de calidad más apreciado por los consumidores es la apariencia (30%), el valor nutricional no fue un parámetro de gran valoración (6%)(AU).

In 2021, the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables (FyV) was commemorated. These foods play an essential role in the diet; however, a large sector of the population does not consume them in the recommended variety and quantity. Added to this is the problem of food losses and waste, a situation that brings about a negative impact at a social, environmental and economic level. The objective of this article was to analyze the consumption, use and utilization of F&V from the perspectives of health and sustainability. For achiving this, four surveys were carried out between 2019 and 2021 that evaluated different dimensions: adequacy of consumption, varieties consumed, F&V quality criteria appreciated by consumers, and sustainability practices and responsible consumption. Only 19% of those surveyed presented adequate consumption of F&V (5 or more daily servings). The variety of fruits consumed is less than that of vegetables, concentrating on three of them: apple, banana and orange. The main factors limiting the consumption of F&V were the price, the high perishability of these foods and the preference for other products. In relation to sustainable eating practices and the main quality criteria valued by consumers, a low use of edible parts of fruits or vegetables was observed, less than 27% of respondents consume fruit with peel, and a greater waste of edible parts of vegetables, where 64% of respondents throw away parts such as stems or leaves, even when there are ways of using them for non-food purposes. Finally, the quality factor most appreciated by consumers is appearance (30%), nutritional value was not a highly valued parameter (6%)(AU).

Packaging design proposal motivated by the identification of damages in Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth).

Andean blackberry is a fruit recognized by its health benefits associated with its high content of bioactive compounds. However, it is also one of the most perishable fruits because it does not have a protective cuticle, and it shows high respiration and ethylene production rates. Furthermore, it is susceptible to microbiological attacks. During harvest and commercialization, the highest percentage of losses is caused by factors such as the maturity stage, harvest practices and containers, and marketing packages. The current work aims at studying the effect of the package on fruit quality, for which the harvested fruits were placed in clamshells, traditional wooden and plastic crates with a capacity of 7 kg. The quality of the fruit was evaluated by counting in situ, damage by bruising, cuts, deformations, microbiological attacks, missing of the peduncle, and non-uniform pollination. Damage analysis included the evaluation of different regression models considering information criteria and significant parameters (P ≤ 0.05). The use of traditional packages led to higher damage from cuts and bruises. Although in clamshells there was a higher probability of finding healthy fruits, a proposal for its redesign is proposed to guarantee a better quality and shelf life of the Andean blackberry fruits.

Cuidado para el bienestar de personas con diabetes tipo 2 con heridas en miembros inferiores según la teoría de Kristen Swanson / Care for the well-being of people with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and lower limb injuries based from Kristen Swanson theory

El cuidado brindado a las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y heridas en miembros inferiores (MM II) se ha dirigido a la curación de las lesiones. Se requiere reorientar las acciones de los profesionales de enfermería para obtener una intervención más eficaz. OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un proyecto de gestión del cuidado, orientado por la teoría "Cuidado para el bienestar" de Kristen Swanson. METODOLOGÍA:Se empleó la herramienta del marco lógico para la atención de los pacientes con DM2 que tienen heridas en MM II. Se presenta el proceso en los tres momentos de cuidado dispuestos por la teoría: conocer; mantener la fe y estar con; y hacer por y permitir. RESULTADOS: Se evidencia el desconocimiento sobre la DM2 que tienen las personas y el trabajo realizado para superar esta limitación, acompañarlos en su desarrollo y favorecer su capacidad de cuidado, incluida la adherencia al tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: La intervención de "Cuidado para el bienestar" mostró resultados positivos en los indicadores propuestos dentro de los tres momentos y generó conductas que favorecieron la adherencia al cuidado de la salud y el de sus heridas, logrando así mejorar el bienestar de las personas con DM2 y un beneficio para la institución, al innovar en esquemas de cuidado dirigidos

Care that is given to those who have type II diabetes mellitus (DM2) and wounds in lower limbs mainly focuses on the healing of said wounds, but there is a call for nursing professionals to reorient their actions towards more efficient interventions. AIM: Developt a management project of care, focused on the theory of caring by Kristen Swanson. METHODOLOGY: This project, which uses the tool of a logic framework for the care of patients with lower limb wounds and DM2. The process is divided into three moments of care, which are given by the theory: to know; maintaining belief; and doing for and enabling the patient. RESULTS: Lack of knowledge towards DM2 and towards the work put into overcoming this limitation, following the development of it, and encouraging the capacity of care, including adherence to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention of Care for wellness showed positive results in proposed indicators during the tree moments, which in turn generated conducts that favored the adherence to the care for their health and their wounds and, by doing so, achieving an improvement in the wellness of people with DM2 and a benefit for the institution, by innovating the schemes of directed care

Defining a Standardized Information Model for Multi-Source Representation of Breast Cancer Data.

This work aims to define a standardized information model for representation of multiple data sources in breast cancer. A set of data elements has been identified using ICHOM Breast Cancer as the minimum data set and adapting it to the needs of Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. With this, an information model has been defined according to ISO 13606 and SNOMED CT standards.

Study of the physical and chemical changes during the maturation of three cocoa clones, EET8, CCN51, and ICS60.

BACKGROUND: Colombia is known for its production of fine and aromatic cocoa; however, the lack of homogeneity in the ripeness stage of cocoa fruit affects the final quality of cocoa beans. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify parameters that can be use as indicators of ripeness in cocoa fruit in order to homogenize the characteristics of raw cocoa used in the production of cocoa-products industry. The parameters evaluated were fruit, seed and pod weight, firmness, color, polar and equatorial diameters of the fruit, seed moisture content, total titratable acidity, pH, and total soluble solids of pulp. RESULTS: Factors such as seed weight, firmness, diameters, total soluble solids, pH, and acidity were affected by the clone factor, whereas seed weight, pH, and total titratable acidity were affected by ripeness stage. CONCLUSION: Identification of indicators of ripeness for cocoa fruit is a complex task due to the influence of the clone on the evolution of the physicochemical characteristics of cocoa fruit during its maturation process. Thus, indicators must be developed for each clone, and at least two parameters among color, pH, and total titratable acidity should be used to determine the ripeness stage of cocoa fruit. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of Hyptis spp., P. heptaphyllum, T.panamensis, T. rhoifolia and Ocotea sp / Capacidad antioxidante y contenido de fenoles totales de hyptis spp., P. heptaphyllum, T. panamensis, T. rhoifolia, y Ocotea sp / Capacidade antioxidante e conteúdo de fenóis totais de Hyptis spp., P. heptaphyllum, T. panamensis, T. rhoifolia, e Ocotea sp

In this work, the possible correlation between the antioxidant activities and the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and chemical composition of Lamiaceae (H. conferta, H. dilatata, H. mutabilis, H. suaveolens), Burseraceae (P. heptaphyllum, T. rhoifoila, T. panamensis), and Lauraceae (Ocotea sp.) were evaluated. The Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity or the Total Antioxidant Activity (TAA) was determined by using a colorimetric assay with the ABTS radical cation, Effective Concentration (EC50) was evaluated with the DPPH radical, and the TPC was established by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, for ethanolic extracts obtained by cold maceration and evaporation to dryness. Both the TAA and the EC50 were highly correlated with the TPC. The barks of T. rhoifolia and T. panamensis demonstrated the highest antioxidant capacities. The Burseraceae spp. exhibited the highest TPC, and the Lamiaceae (Hyptis spp.) demonstrated the lowest TPC.

Neste trabalho foi avaliada a possível correlação entre as atividades antioxidantes, o conteúdo de fenóis totais e a composição química de Lamiaceae (H. conferta, H. dilatata, H. mutabilis, H. suaveolens), Burseraceae (P. heptaphyllum, T. rhoifoila, T. panamensis), e Lauraceae (Ocotea sp.). Para os extratos de etanol obtidos por maceração em frio e evaporação até a secura, a Capacidade Antioxidante Equivalente ao Trolox ou à Atividade Antioxidante Total (AAT), foi determinada por meio de um ensaio colorimétrico com o cátion radical ABTS, a concentração eficaz (EC50) foi avaliada com o radical DPPH, e o Conteúdo de Fenóis Totais (CFT) foi estabelecido pelo método do Folin-Ciocalteu. Tanto a AAT quanto a EC50 estiveram altamente relacionadas com a CFT. A casca de T. rhoifolia e T. panamensis apresentaram as maiores capacidades antioxidantes. As Burseraceae spp. apresentaram o CFT mais alto, e as Lamiaceae (Hyptis spp.) apresentaram o CFT mais baixo.

En este trabajo se evaluó la posible correlación entre las actividades antioxidantes, el contenido de fenoles totales (CFT) y la composición química de Lamiaceae (H. conferta, H. dilatata, H. mutabilis, H. suaveolens), Burseraceae (P. heptaphyllum, T. rhoifoila, T. panamensis) y Lauraceae (Ocotea sp.). Para los extractos etanólicos obtenidos por maceración en frio y evaporación a sequedad, la Capacidad Antioxidante Equivalente al Trolox o la Actividad Antioxidante Total (AAT), fueron determinadas mediante un ensayo colorimétrico con el catión radical ABTS, la Concentración Efectiva (EC50) fue evaluada con el radical DPPH, y el Contenido de Fenoles Totales (CFT), fue establecido mediante el método de Folin-Ciocalteu. Tanto la AAT como la EC50 estuvieron altamente correlacionados con el CFT. Las cortezas de T. rhoifolia y T. panamensis mostraron las capacidades antioxidantes más altas. Las Burseraceae spp. mostraron los TPC más altos y las Lamiaceae (Hyptis spp.) mostraron los TPC más bajos.

Natural compounds endowed with cholinergic or anticholinergic activity. Enhancement of acetylcholine release by a quaternary derivative of L-hyoscyamine.

New compounds that target nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) have been sought to correct disorders affecting cholinergic transmission in central and peripheral synapses. A quaternary derivate of l-hyoscyamine, phenthonium (Phen), was shown by our group to enhance the spontaneous acetylcholine (ACh) release without altering the nerve-induced transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. The effect was unrelated to membrane depolarization, and was not induced by an increase of calcium influx into the nerve terminal. Phen also presented a competitive antimuscarinic activity and blocked noncompetitively the neuromuscular transmission. In this work we re-examined the mechanisms underlying the facilitatory actions of Phen on [(3)H]-ACh release in isolated ganglia of the guinea pig ileal myenteric plexus. Exposure of the preparations to Phen (10-50 microM) increased the release of [(3)H]-ACh by 81 to 68% over the basal. The effect was not affected by the ganglionic nAChR antagonist hexamethonium (1 nM) at a concentration that inhibited the increase of [(3)H]-ACh release induced by the nicotinic agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP, 30 microM). Association of Phen (10 microM) with DMPP potentiated the facilitatory effect of Phen. [(3)H]-ACh release was not altered by the muscarinic antagonists atropine (1 nM) or pirenzepine (1 microM). However, both antagonists inhibited the release of [(3)H]-ACh induced by either the muscarinic M1 agonist McN-343 (10 microM) or Phen (20 microM). The facilitatory effect of Phen was not altered by CdCl(2) (50 mM), but it was potentiated in the presence of tetraethylammonium (40 mM). The results indicate that the facilitatory action of Phen appears to be mediated by an increase of the inwardly rectifying potassium channels conductance probably related to the compound antimuscarinic activity.

Estudio descriptivo del sector productor y comercializador de cosméticos en Bogotá D.C. Colombia / Descriptive study of the sector which produces and sells cosmetics in Bogotá D.C. Colombia

Aplicando una metodología de investigación no experimental transeccional descriptiva, se describió al sector que produce y comercializa cosméticos de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia, para el segundo semestre de 2004. El modelo empleado contempló tanto el diseño, elaboración y desafío del instrumento de captura de información, como la definición de la población que formó parte del proyecto, cuyo tamaño, después de confirmar la pertenencia al estudio, ameritó continuarlo mediante la técnica del censo poblacional. La encuesta fue diligenciada mediante entrevista al profesional técnico con mayor responsabilidad dentro de la organización o en su defecto por el gerente o su delegado. Además de lograr un acercamiento al sector de cosméticos, el análisis de los resultados obtenidos permitió concluir sobre las características que describen su estado actual, consolidando una base de datos de la población de cosméticos de la ciudad de Bogotá, y la información para posteriores contactos. Se encontró que la población estudiada no ha superado los 50 años desde su fundación, su capital es principalmente nacional, PYMEs, con baja conciencia de agremiación y clientes esencialmente locales. Sólo la mitad de los miembros de la población son productores, con problemas en sus procesos de transformación de materiales

5 Fluorouracilo vs. mitomicina C en cirugía de pterigión primario / 5 Fluorouracil vs. mytomycin C in surgery of primary pterygium

Determinar el porcentaje de recurrencia y las complicaciones después de la cirugía con esclera libre del pterigión primario seguida de la aplicación postoperatoria de bajas dosis de 5 Fluorouracilo y Mitomocina C. Realizamos un estudio prospectivo que incluyó 87 pacientes los cuales fueron divididos en 4 grupos. Al grupo 1 se aplicó Mitomicina C tópico (0.02 mg/cc); al grupo 2 se aplicó 5 fluoruoracilo tópico (50 mg/cc);ambos durante 5 minutos; al grupo 3 se administró fluorouracilo subconjuntival (5mg/0.1cc) por 3 dosis y el grupo de 4 se tuvo como control realizando cirugía sola. Después de un seguimiento promedio de 29 semanas, el pterigión recurrió en (17 por ciento); (39 por ciento); (30 por ciento);(42 por ciento) respectivamente. Solo hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo que recibió Mitomicina C y el grupo control (p=0.04), no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre los grupos de tratamiento. En el grupo 2 se produjo adelgazamiento escleral en un paciente, el cual requirió de queratoplastía lamelar preventiva. La aplicación tópica de Mitomicina C después de la incisión del pterigión con esclera desnuda retardó el crecimiento de tejido conjuntival y fibrovascular y por tanto previno la recurrencia del pterigión. El 5 fluorouracilo subconjuntival también previno la recurrencia en menor proporción. Pensamos que el uso de estos antimetabolitos podría ser de utilidad en esta cirugía, pero son necesarios otros estudios prospectivos controlados a largo plazo a fin de comparar nuestros resultados

Mecanismos envolvidos na ação facilitatória do antimuscarínico fentônio na liberação de acetilcolina no plexo mioentérico do íleo de cobaia / Mechanisms of the enhanced acetylcholine release induced by the antimuscarinic agent phenthonium in the guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus

O derivado quatermnário da 1-hiosciamina, fentônio, [N-(4-fenil) fenacil 1-hiosciamina)] é um antagonista muscarínico competitivo com potência 100 vezes menor que a da atropina. Em preparaçoes de músculos esqueléticos, o fentônio bloqueou a transmissao neuromuscular de forma nao competitiva e aumentou a liberaçao espontânea de acetilcolina (ACh) sem alterar a liberaçao induzida por estimulaçao nervosa (Lapa, 1988; Fann e col., 1991; Souccar e col., 1994; 1998). O efeito pré-juncional do fentônio nao foi associado à despolarizaçao da membrana, à temperatura, ao aumento do influxo de Ca2+ extracelular ou às suas atividades antimuscarínica e antinicotínica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o mecanismo da açao facilitatória pré-sináptica do fentônio com medidas do efluxo de [3 H]-Colina em preparaçoes de plexo mioentérico da musculatura longitudinal do íleo de cobaia. Para analisar a relaçao estrutura-atividade, o efeito do fentônio foi comparado com os de dois derivados, o endofen [N-(4-fenil) fenacil 1-hiosciamina) na forma "endo"] e o tropol [N-(4-fenil) fenacil-tropan-3-ol. Os principais resultados obtidos foram os seguintes 1. Em preparaçoes de musculatura longitudinal de íleo de cobaia, o fentônio (FENT, O, I a 30 mM) reduziu a tensao muscular produzida pela concentraçao média efetiva (EC5o) da ACh (30 mM), proporcionalmente às concentraçoes, e de 80 a 35 por cento do controle. 2. Em preparaçoes análogas, o endofen (ENDO, 10 e 20 mM) aumentou a tensao muscular de 67 por cento e 87 por cento , e potenciou o efeito da EC5o da ACh a 141 por cento e 110 por cento , respectivamente. O tropol (TROP, 10 a 100 mM), por sua vez, reduziu a resposta da CE5o da ACh a 59 por cento somente na maior concentraçao. 3. A incubaçao de FENT (20 e 50 mM), em tiras da musculatura longitudinal do íleo, nao alterou o efluxo basal de [3H]-Colina, mas aumentou o efluxo estimulado eletricamente a 100 por cento e 31 por cento do valor inicial, respectivamente. 4. Em ensaios semelhantes, o ENDO (10e 20 mM) e o TROP (50 e 100 mM) nao alteraram significativamente o efluxo basal ou estimulado eletricamente de [3 H]-Colina, em comparaçao com os respectivos valores controles. 5. Em preparaçoes de gânglios mioentéricos dissociados, a incubaçao de FENT (IO, 20 e 50 mM) aumentou o efluxo basal de [3H]-Colina a 181 por cento , 172 por cento e 168 por cento do controle (l22,5 ñ 8,3 por cento ) após 4 minutos. Menor concentraçao do FENT (5 mM) nao produziu...(au)