ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: One of the most recent hormones to be identified and isolated is irisin, extracted from mouse skeletal muscle in 2012. Irisin has been proven to alter blood pressure, which has an impact on blood vessels, enhance endothelial functions, and prevent injury to endothelial cells. The current study aimed to study the effect of irisin on the ultrastructure of the rat thoracic aorta using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty female rats were recruited for this study and divided into a control group (non-injected), and four experimental groups (injected groups) each consisting of 4 rats. The experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of irisin (250ng/mL, 500ng/mL, 1000ng/mL, and 2000ng/mL) twice a week for 4weeks. Then, the descending thoracic aorta of all experimental rats were resected and proceeded with imaging. RESULTS: The results of this study showed a change in the thickness of the tunica intima, internal elastic lamina, elastic lamellae, and external elastic lamina concerning increasing injected irisin concentration. While there was a significant increase in the thickness of tunica media (P<0.0001) and smooth muscle cells (P<0.05). Also, the results showed a significant increase in the number of elastic lamellae in the tunica media (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Irisin had a major impact on the elasticity of the rat thoracic aorta wall, suggesting that it influences the growth factors of the wall and activates smooth muscle cells in addition to endothelial cells.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The cephalic vein is one of the most distinguished superficial veins of the upper limb. Its clinical value lies in venous access. There is little known about the variation of its formation in relation to the anatomical snuffbox. Hence, anatomical variants in the origin of the cephalic vein are important in clinical practice. Subsequently, this study was designed to examine the variation of the cephalic vein formation in relation to the anatomical snuffbox. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 438 subjects (722 hands), was prepared to study the cephalic vein among Jordanian students and staff of one of the major governmental Medical College in Jordan, by using infrared illumination system. The obtained data was analysed according to; gender, sidedness, and handedness. RESULTS: Four sites for the formation of the cephalic vein in relation to the anatomical snuffbox were found. There was a significant relation between gender and sidedness, and the sites of formation of the cephalic vein (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.048, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: For the first time this study identified different sites for the formation of the cephalic vein in relation to the anatomical snuffbox. However, regardless of its sites of formation, the cephalic vein was running in 98% of the examined hands in the anatomical snuffbox.
