ABSTRACT
Introducción. El factor de riesgo cardiovascular más frecuente entre las personas mayores de 60 años es la hipertensión arterial (HTA). El objetivo del presente estudio es valorar la eficacia de una intervención educativa y la fiabilidad del instrumento utilizado. Material y método. Estudio experimental, prospectivo, aleatorizado y con grupos paralelos en una muestra de 120 pacientes, 62 en el grupo intervención (GI) y 58 en el grupo control (GC). El grupo intervención recibe una intervención educativa escrita y oral sobre conocimientos en hipertensión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular, el grupo control no recibe ningún tipo de intervención. Resultados. Al final de la intervención educativa se observó un aumento en el porcentaje de respuestas correctas, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al grupo control, respecto a los conocimientos sobre la hipertensión, factores de riesgo asociados a ella, riesgos de tener la presión arterial elevada y control de la medicación. Conclusiones. La aplicación de una intervención educativa sobre hipertensión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular asociado a la misma actividad asistencial es capaz de elevar el nivel de conocimientos de los pacientes hipertensos mayores ingresados(AU)
Introduction. Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor among people over the age 60. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention tool, and its reliability. Material and methods. Experimental study, prospective, randomised, parallel-group in a sample of 120 patients, 62 in the intervention group and 58 in the control group. The intervention group received a written and oral educational program on hypertension and cardiovascular risk; the control group did not receive any intervention. Results. At the end of the intervention there was an increase in the percentage of correct responses, with statistically significant differences compared to the control group, as regards knowledge of hypertension, risk factors associated with the risks of having high blood pressure and control medication. Conclusion. The implementation of an educational intervention on hypertension and cardiovascular risk associated with the same care activity is capable of increasing the level of knowledge by elderly hypertensive patients admitted to hospital(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/rehabilitation , Risk Factors , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Patient Education as Topic/trends , Clinical Trial , Effectiveness , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , 50303 , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is the most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor among people over the age 60. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention tool, and its reliability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experimental study, prospective, randomised, parallel-group in a sample of 120 patients, 62 in the intervention group and 58 in the control group. The intervention group received a written and oral educational program on hypertension and cardiovascular risk; the control group did not receive any intervention. RESULTS: At the end of the intervention there was an increase in the percentage of correct responses, with statistically significant differences compared to the control group, as regards knowledge of hypertension, risk factors associated with the risks of having high blood pressure and control medication. CONCLUSION: The implementation of an educational intervention on hypertension and cardiovascular risk associated with the same care activity is capable of increasing the level of knowledge by elderly hypertensive patients admitted to hospital.
Subject(s)
Hypertension , Patient Education as Topic , Aged , Female , Humans , Hypertension/therapy , Male , Prospective Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are common in multiple system atrophy (MSA), but the prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is not well known. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and associations of EDS in MSA. DESIGN: Survey of EDS in consecutive patients with MSA and comparison with patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and individuals without known neurologic disease. SETTING: Twelve tertiary referral centers. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-six consecutive patients with MSA; 86 patients with PD matched for age, sex, and Hoehn and Yahr stage; and 86 healthy subject individuals matched for age and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), modified ESS, Sudden Onset of Sleep Scale, Tandberg Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, disease severity, dopaminergic treatment amount, and presence of restless legs syndrome. RESULTS: Mean (SD) ESS scores were comparable in MSA (7.72 [5.05]) and PD (8.23 [4.62]) but were higher than in healthy subjects (4.52 [2.98]) (P < .001). Excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS score >10) was present in 28% of patients with MSA, 29% of patients with PD, and 2% of healthy subjects (P < .001). In MSA, in contrast to PD, the amount of dopaminergic treatment was not correlated with EDS. Disease severity was weakly correlated with EDS in MSA and PD. Restless legs syndrome occurred in 28% of patients with MSA, 14% of patients with PD, and 7% of healthy subjects (P < .001). Multiple regression analysis (with 95% confidence intervals obtained using nonparametric bootstrapping) showed that sleep-disordered breathing and sleep efficiency predicted EDS in MSA and amount of dopaminergic treatment and presence of restless legs syndrome in PD. CONCLUSIONS: More than one-quarter of patients with MSA experience EDS, a frequency similar to that encountered in PD. In these 2 conditions, EDS seems to be associated with different causes.
Subject(s)
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/epidemiology , Multiple System Atrophy/epidemiology , Parkinson Disease/epidemiology , Restless Legs Syndrome/epidemiology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/epidemiology , Sleep Stages , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Comorbidity , Confidence Intervals , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple System Atrophy/diagnosis , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Prevalence , Regression Analysis , Restless Legs Syndrome/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosis , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have pointed out how the perception of social support benefits the wellbeing of patients. The main objective in this study is to adapt and validate the MOS-SSS (Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey) questionnaire to measure social support. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In a sample of 400 oncology out-patients, in order to validate the MOS-SSS questionnaire, we have applied a exploratory factorial analysis. The factors were extracted by principal components and varimax rotation. Then, we compared the dimensions of the questionnaire with other variables as size of social network, sex and age. RESULTS: We have observed a high reliability of the MOS-SSS questionnaire, with the alpha coefficient around 0.94 . By a factorial analysis, we have extracted 3 factors: emotional/informational support, affective support and instrumental support. The fourth dimension included in the original questionnaire, positive social interaction, was included in the emotional/informational support dimension. Comparing the mean scores of the 3 dimensions with other variables (number of members in the family and friends, sex and age), we have observed that a high number of relatives and friends were related with a higher perception of social support. However, the men received more instrumental and emotional/informational support than women; and the age was not related with the perception of social support in patients with cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The MOS-SSS questionnaire is a valid instrument to assess the multidimensionality of the perception of social support in Spanish cancer patients.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms/therapy , Social Support , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Fundamento y objetivo: Muchos estudios hacen referencia a los beneficios que sobre la salud tiene la percepción de estar recibiendo apoyo social. En este trabajo realizamos un estudio descriptivo y transversal para validar el cuestionario MOS-SSS (Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey) de apoyo social. Pacientes y método: En una muestra de 400 pacientes ambulatorios con cáncer validamos el cuestionario MOS-SSS con un análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación varimax. Mediante un análisis unifactorial se efectuó una comparación de las medias de las dimensiones del cuestionario MOS-SSS con otras variables, tales como tamaño de la red social, sexo y edad. Resultados: En el análisis de fiabilidad del cuestionario se obtiene una alta consistencia interna de la prueba, con un coeficiente alfa de 0,94. Del análisis factorial extraemos 3 factores: apoyo emocional/informacional, apoyo afectivo y apoyo instrumental. La cuarta dimensión propuesta en la versión original del instrumento, interacción social positiva, queda incluida en la dimensión de apoyo emocional/informacional. En la comparación de medias de las dimensiones de la escala con el tamaño de la red social, sexo y edad, se concluye que cuanto mayor es el tamaño de la red social mayor es la percepción de apoyo social cualitativo que se recibe. Los varones tienen la percepción de recibir más apoyo instrumental y emocional/informacional que las mujeres. La edad no aporta diferencias respecto a la percepción del tipo de apoyo social que se recibe. Conclusiones: Consideramos que el cuestionario MOS-SSS de apoyo social es un instrumento válido para medir gran parte de la multidimensionalidad del constructo
Background and objective: Previous studies have pointed out how the perception of social support benefits the wellbeing in patients. The main objective in this study is to adapt and validate the MOS-SSS (Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey) questionnaire to measure social support. Patients and method: In a sample of 400 oncology out-patients, in order to validate the MOS-SSS questionnaire, we have applied a exploratory factorial analysis. The factors were extracted by principal components and varimax rotation. Then, we compared the dimensions of the questionnaire with other variables as size of social network, sex and age. Results: We have observed a high reliability of the MOS-SSS questionnaire, with the alpha coefficient around 0.94 . By a factorial analysis, we have extracted 3 factors: emotional/informational support, affective support and instrumental support. The fourth dimension included in the original questionnaire, positive social interaction, was included in the emotional/informational support dimension. Comparing the mean scores of the 3 dimensions with other variables (number of members in the family and friends, sex and age), we have observed that a high number of relatives and friends were related with a higher perception of social support. However, the men received more instrumental and emotional/informational support than women; and the age was not related with the perception of social support in patients with cancer. Conclusions: The MOS-SSS questionnaire is a valid instrument to assess the multidimensionality of the perception of social support in spanish cancer patients
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Social Support , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Neoplasms/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Sex Distribution , Age DistributionABSTRACT
We tested the hypothesis that basal ganglia dysfunction may be related to procedural learning impairment in schizophrenia. We determined the N-acetylaspartate/choline (NAA/Cho) ratio in the left striatal area in 11 young first-episode antipsychotic-naive patients and matched controls. Procedural learning was assessed by the four-disk version of the Tower of Hanoi. Analysis of variance showed that the number of moves and the execution time had a significant group effect (P=0.02, P<0.0001, respectively). Correlation analysis between procedural learning and the NAA/Cho ratio showed a negative significant correlation only in patients, measured by both time (P=0.006) and by moves (P=0.001). In summary, we found that schizophrenic patients have impaired procedural learning, and that this impairment is related to basal ganglia metabolism.
Subject(s)
Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Basal Ganglia/metabolism , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Learning , Schizophrenia/etiology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adult , Humans , Learning Disabilities/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Problem SolvingABSTRACT
Fundamento: Algunos autores han postulado una división entre un patrón de alteración predominantemente "cortical" para la demencia tipo Alzheimer y un patrón de alteración más "subcortical" para la demencia vascular. El principal objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar un patrón de deterioro cognitivo neuropsicológico que discriminase el tipo de demencia en fases o estadios iniciales. Método: Se compararon dos grupos de pacientes: uno con demencia, leve, tipo Alzheimer (DTA, n = 30) y otro con demencia vascular (DV, n = 30), administrando una batería de tests neuro-psicológicos. La batería estaba compuesta por los siguientes tests: Orientación Temporal (Benton et al); Vocabulario, Semejanzas, Dígitos, Clave y Kohs (WAIS); el test de Forma-Color de Weigl; el test del Trazo (A y B) (HRNB); el Tapping (McQuarrie); la Memoria Lógica, Memoria Visual y Aprendizaje Asociativo (WMS), y Memoria Diferida (Russell). Los dos grupos eran similares en edad y características socioculturales. Se compararon a través de la nota z y su significación estadística con el test de Mann-Whitney y se realizó un análisis discriminante exploratorio para clasificar a los pacientes en los dos grupos. Resultados: En general, los resultados fueron más pobres en el grupo DTA, no detectándose diferencias significativas en los tests neuropsicológicos, aunque en algunos casos (Memoria Visual Inmediata y Cubos de Kohs) casi se alcanzó la significación. A través del análisis discriminante exploratorio, se clasificaron correctamente un 67 por ciento de sujetos del grupo DTA y un 70 por ciento del grupo DV. Conclusiones: En los estadios iniciales de las demencias es difícil diferenciar entre un patrón de déficit cortical en la DTA y un patrón de déficit subcortical en la DV. Cuando se usan tests neuropsicológicos complejos los rendimientos dependen de la coordinación de múltiples sistemas relacionados. Estos hallazgos están de acuerdo con los modelos holísticos de las funciones corticales superiores. (AU)
