Benchmarking in the process of donation after brain death: a methodology to identify best performer hospitals.

A benchmarking approach was developed in Spain to identify and spread critical success factors in the process of donation after brain death. This paper describes the methodology to identify the best performer hospitals in the period 2003-2007 with 106 hospitals throughout the country participating in the project. The process of donation after brain death was structured into three phases: referral of possible donors after brain death (DBD) to critical care units (CCUs) from outside units, management of possible DBDs within the CCUs and obtaining consent for organ donation. Indicators to assess performance in each phase were constructed and the factors influencing these indicators were studied to ensure that comparable groups of hospitals could be established. Availability of neurosurgery and CCU resources had a positive impact on the referral of possible DBDs to CCUs and those hospitals with fewer annual potential DBDs more frequently achieved 100% consent rates. Hospitals were grouped into each subprocess according to influencing factors. Hospitals with the best results were identified for each phase and hospital group. The subsequent study of their practices will lead to the identification of critical factors for success, which implemented in an adapted way should fortunately lead to increasing organ availability.

Full face transplantation organization, development, and results--the Barcelona experience: a case report.

The initial experience in facial composite tissue allotransplantation has demonstrated that it is surgically feasible, safe, and reproducible. A robust team approach is necessary to warrant successful outcomes. We designed a specific face organ donation that limits facial donation requests followed by synchronous in situ dissection with the internal organs that has proved to be efficient and safe for face and solid organ procurement and transplantation. The first human full face transplantation in our institution was performed on March 27, 2010. The holistic team approach of donation and procurement proved to be effective and reproducible; the recipient showed excellent outcomes at 12 months.

Logistics and strategy of multiorgan procurement involving total face allograft.

The face is the latest body structure to be added to the field of transplantation and the learning curve is ongoing. In the scenario of multiorgan recovery, the face is a nonvital 'organ' structure compared with other life-saving organs. To date, the face has been the first 'organ' to be procured in a multiorgan procurement. A technique for simultaneous recovery of the whole face, heart, lungs, liver, pancreas and kidneys is described. Thirty professionals participated in the procedure, of whom 13 were surgeons. No tracheotomy was performed. A mask of the donor's face was made from a mold impression. Duration of the procedure from skin incision to the end of surgery was 7.3 h. The face was perfused with Wisconsin solution through a cannula inserted into the aortic arch between the origin of the brachiocephalic arterial trunk and the left subclavian artery. Blood requirements consisted of 4 units of packed red blood cells. After the procedure, the mask was placed on the donor's face. All recovered grafts functioned immediately. In summary, simultaneous multiorgan procurement including the whole face is feasible, effective and saves time without jeopardizing life-saving organs and without the need for tracheotomy.

Perceived state of health is worse in kidney recipients younger than 60 years vs older than 60 years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in perceived state of health (PSH) according to patient age younger or older than 60 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-two patients were entered on the waiting list for renal transplantation from July 2003 at 4 hospitals in California and were observed prospectively for 2 years. Data were obtained at baseline and at 3 and 12 months after transplantation. All patients answered a generic Perceived State of Health (PSH) questionnaire, the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the EuroQol (EQ-5D) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the t test for independent variables and the chi(2) test for contingency tables. RESULTS: Patients aged 60 years or older had higher PSH scores compared with those younger than 60 years on all dimensions of the SF-36 and on the 2 summary scores. Scores for the physical domains were significantly improved at all follow-up visits. After transplantation, scores for the EQ-5D were higher for older patients vs younger patients (mean [SD], 80 [16] vs 67 [14]; P = .01). The PSH score for the older patients was similar to that for the general population (>45 points). The PSH scores for the physical and mental health domains were worse for the younger patients compared with the general population; no differences were noted for clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Patients older than 60 years have higher PSH scores compared with patients younger than 60 years. However, scores for the younger patients were significantly improved at 1 year after transplantation.

Impact of health related quality of life in Catalonia liver transplant patients.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the changes in the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) during the first year following liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 159 patients awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) who were prospectively studied at 4 hospitals in Catalonia, 108 actually obtained an organ. HRQoL over time, namely, before, as well as at 3 and 12 months after transplantation, was recorded using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Liver Disease Quality of Life (LDQOL 1.0). After we searched medical, clinical, and sociodemographic records to examine the studied variables on the HRQoL at each moment, the significance was explored using t tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Comparison of the SF-36 dimensions before and at 3 months after transplantation revealed almost all domains to show significant improvements (P < .01), except bodily pain, role-physical, social functioning, and PCS. Comparisons between 3 and 12 months after transplantation showed only significant improvements in role-physical, physical functioning, and PCS (P < .05). The other dimensions showed similar or slightly better scores, but the differences were not significant. For LDQOL 1.0 before and 3 months after transplantation, the dimensions with significant differences (P < .01) were: effects of liver disease on activities of daily living; concentration; health distress; sleep problems; stigmata of liver disease; and sexual function. Comparing 3 and 12 months posttransplantation, no dimension showed a significant improvement. A negative correlation existed between hypertensive patients and PCS on the SF-36 (P < .001). The clinical diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease showed better scores in some dimensions of the LDQOL than the other diagnoses. Female subjects showed significantly worse HRQoL than men (P < .001). Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) classifications were not associated with the HRQoL either before or after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: The most important finding in this study was that all domains showed significant improvements in HRQoL at 3 months after transplantation with only slight improvements at 12 months.

Health-related Quality of Life before and after a solid organ transplantation (kidney, liver, and lung) of four Catalonia hospitals.

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: It has been described that patients who receive a transplant display a better Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Our objective was to describe the HRQoL before and after a solid organ transplantation, comparing results among various transplantations. METHODS: This HRQoL study using the SF-36 was implemented before as well as at 3 and 12 months posttransplantation. Posttransplantation were compared with pretransplantation scores as well as with the general population. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-two renal, 159 liver, and 58 lung candidates were included before transplantation, among whom there were 126 renal, 108 liver, and 22 lung recipients. The median age of all transplant recipients was 53 years with 68% men. The various transplant types began with different HRQoL: lung showed the worst, followed by the liver, and then renal. The scores of the SF-36 before and 3 months posttransplantation showed significant improvements, except for "Pair." At 12 versus 3 months, mental health was somewhat better for renal, and almost all dimensions showed significant improvement for liver and lung patients. All subjects showed clear improvements after transplantation. CONCLUSION: All patients showed clear improvements after transplantation when mental health was compared with the general population, particularly lung transplant recipients who expressed the greatest improvement. However, they still showed deficits in physical health.