ABSTRACT
The HIV-1 genetic variants circulated in the Asian part of the Russian Federation in 2005-2010 were studied. The samples of HIV-1 (427 in total) were collected in Khabarovsk, Magadan, Kurgan, Krasnoyarsk, Noyabr'sk, Yakutsk, Altay, and Tyva. Sequencing of some genome regions followed by the phylogenetic analysis or specific Internet resource sampling were used as the main methods of the HIV subtyping. The domination of the IDU-A HIV-1 genetic variant typical of HIV-infection epidemic in Russia was shown in all regions tested in 2005-2010. This variant prevailed both in IDUs and heterosexuals. In addition to IDU-A, some other HIV-1 genetic variants were found among them: subtype B and recombinant CRF03_AB. The HIV-1 genetic polymorphism in Russia was found to be low. An increase in the genetic distance among studied de novo samples was noted in the Asian part of Russia in 2005-2010 (26-68%) as compared to the European variants in 1996-1999 (10%).
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV-1/genetics , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Genetic , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies , Siberia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The prevalence of the mutations associated with HIV fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide resistance in Russia and CIS countries was studied. Enfuvirtide resistance mutations were not observed among studied viruses in Russia and CIS countries so far. It was found that high rate (35%) of natural polymorphism mutations were associated with enfuvirtide hypersusceptibility. It was also found that high frequency of accessory mutations N126K and E137K were observed in the HR2 region (27.5%). The accessory mutations in HR2 can contribute to increased resistance and improve viral fitness. Our data were compared with those obtained in similar previous studies.
Subject(s)
HIV Envelope Protein gp41/genetics , HIV Infections , HIV-1/genetics , Mutation , Drug Hypersensitivity/genetics , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Enfuvirtide , Genome , HIV Envelope Protein gp41/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV Infections/virology , Humans , Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
The study deals with the current topical problem in the development of a laboratory algorithm for the detection of early stages of HIV infection and for the creation of a monitoring system on this basis for the spread of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains. The paper presents the results of experimental examination of the most accessible health care methods for the differential diagnosis of early HIV infection, by using the test systems in Russia and gives practical recommendations on their application.
Subject(s)
Blotting, Western/methods , Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV-1/isolation & purification , Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology , Diagnosis, Differential , Drug Resistance, Viral , Early Diagnosis , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Envelope Protein gp41/immunology , HIV Infections/blood , HIV-1/drug effects , HIV-1/immunology , Humans , Sensitivity and Specificity , Urea/chemistry , Viral LoadABSTRACT
The paper presents data on the variants of human immunodefficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) currently circulating in Russia. The subtype A HIV-1 variant dominating is shown to be most widespread among drug-injected users in the most regions under study. By using the results of an analysis of 1,464 blood samples taken in the past 4 years in 69 subjects of the Russian Federation, the authors have estimated that this HIV-1 variant is responsible for 93% of all HIV-infection cases in the country. The greatest regional genetic diversity was observed in Moscow and its mean (2.35(1.59) was found to be comparable to that (2.41(1.85) in the whole country. Penetration of the subtype A IV-1 variant early detectable among drug-users into other risk groups was noted.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/genetics , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/classification , Humans , Russia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The prevalence of genetic variants (subtypes) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among HIV-infected and noninfected intravenous drug users (IDU) in Russia is studied. HIV and HCV infections spread in the population of IDUs in Russia irrespective of each other. HCV subtypes 1b, 2a, and 3a (35.2, 18.3, and 29.6%, respectively) are the most prevalent in Russia. The profile of HCV subtype distribution in Russia differs from that in Europe; a "domestic" origin of HCV infection among IDUs is suggested. The authors conclude that identification of HCV subtype should be included in the protocol of examination of HIV-infected patients.