ABSTRACT
In this research, a medium was developed that would stimulate multiple shoot initiation from shoot apex explants of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf). Adventitious shoot formation on a shoot induction media supplemented with combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0, 0.5, 2.3 µmol·l-1) and thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea; TDZ) (0, 1, 5, 20 µmol·l-1) was evaluated. Multiple shoot induction medium with 1 µmol·TDZ l-1 resulted in the highest number of regenerated shoots per explant for all three kenaf cultivars tested (Tainung 1, Tainung 2, and Everglades 71). The 2,4-D did not enhance multiple shoot formation. Additionally, kenaf cultivars 7N and SF459 also produced multiple shoots on the induction medium with 1 µmol·TDZ l-1. Multiple shoot clumps formed after 2 weeks in culture without callus formation. Shoots elongated and rooted within 2 weeks after subculture on a plant growth regulator-free medium. A histological study demonstrated the de novo regeneration of shoots from the shoot apex.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper was the development of a mathematical model to predict losses of nutrients with first orden degradation kinetics during the thermal processing of conduction-heated foods. The model do not require experimental heat penetration data and operate for any possible case. It was evaluated experimentally for different thermal processes, being all the results within the 90% confidence interval on the mean experimental values. These results were obtained with a Fortran IV computer program elaborated for this purpose. The duration of this program was two minutes and tem seconds in a PDP 11/45 computer and was more efficient than others presented in the literature.