Effect of weight satisfaction on adolescent facial and dental satisfaction.

PURPOSE: To investigate if facial and dental satisfaction is related to body fat percentage and body weight satisfaction. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to adolescents from a Private School in Southern Brazil containing sociodemographic (sex and age) and self-perception variables. Adolescents were asked about their perceptions concerning dental problems. Body fat percentage was collected using bioelectrical impedance analysis. RESULTS: A total of 372 adolescents were examined. Most adolescents were satisfied with their dental (81.7%) and facial appearance (87.6%), while 39% of adolescents were satisfied with their body weight. Poisson regression model showed that adolescents who expressed satisfaction with their body weight (PR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.19) and were satisfied with their dental appearance (PR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.08-1.41) exhibited a positive association with facial satisfaction. Adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), those reporting dental pain (PR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.80-0.97), and individuals with obesity (PR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.83-0.99) demonstrated a decrease in facial satisfaction. Adolescents aged 16 to 19 years (PR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.15) and those satisfied with their facial appearance (PR = 1.20, 95%CI 1.01-1.43) exhibited a higher prevalence of dental satisfaction. Conversely, adolescents dissatisfied with dental color (PR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.66-0.82) and those with misaligned teeth (PR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.55-0.73) reported lower levels of dental satisfaction. Parametric g-formula analysis found that the association between body fat and facial satisfaction was mediated by body weight satisfaction (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: While dental satisfaction was not influenced by corporeal characteristics, facial satisfaction was influenced by dental and body weight satisfaction. Obese adolescents had low facial satisfaction.

Diet influenced tooth erosion prevalence in children and adolescents: Results of a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of diet in tooth erosion presence in children and adolescents by meta-analysis and meta-regression. DATA: Two reviewers independently performed the selection process and the quality of studies was assessed. SOURCES: Studies published until May 2014 were identified in electronic databases: Pubmed, EBSHost, Scopus, Science direct, Web of Science and Scielo, using keywords. STUDY SELECTION: Criteria used included: observational studies, tooth erosion and diet, subject age range 8-19 years old, permanent dentition and index. Meta-analysis was performed and in case of heterogeneity a random-effects model was used. Thirteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Higher consumption of carbonated drinks (p=0.001) or acid snacks/sweets (p=0.01 and for acid fruit juices (p=0.03)) increased the odds for tooth erosion, while higher intake of milk (p=0.028) and yogurt (p=0.002) reduced the erosion occurrence. Heterogeneity was observed in soft drinks, confectionary and snacks and acidic fruit juices models. Methodological issues regarding the questionnaires administration and the inclusion of other variables, such as food groups and tooth brushing, explained partially the heterogeneity observed. CONCLUSIONS: Some dietary components (carbonated drinks, acid snacks/sweets and natural acidic fruits juice) increased erosion occurrence while milk and yogurt had a protective effect. Methods to assess diet could influence the homogeneity of the studies and should be considered during the study design. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The method to assess diet should be carefully considered and well conducted as part of the clinical assessment of tooth erosion, since diet could influence the occurrence of tooth erosion.

Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dental caries is the main problem oral health and it is not well established in the literature if the enamel defects are a risk factor for its development. OBJECTIVE: Studies have reported a potential association between developmental defects enamel (DDE) and dental caries occurrence. We investigated the association between DDE and caries in permanent dentition of children and teenagers. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was carried out using four databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct), which were searched from their earliest records until December 31, 2014. STUDY SELECTION: Population-based studies assessing differences in dental caries experience according to the presence of enamel defects (and their types) were included. PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. Meta-analysis was performed to assess the pooled effect, and meta-regression was carried out to identify heterogeneity sources. From the 2558 initially identified papers, nine studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria after checking the titles, abstracts, references, and complete reading. Seven of them were included in the meta-analysis with random model. RESULTS: A positive association between enamel defects and dental caries was identified; meta-analysis showed that individuals with DDE had higher pooled odds of having dental caries experience [OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.3; 3.54)]. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that adjustment for sociodemographic factors, countries' socioeconomic status, and bias (quality of studies) explained the high heterogeneity observed. CONCLUSION: A higher chance of dental caries should be expected among individuals with enamel defects.

Estimated prevalence of erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents: an epidemiological systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this systematic review was to estimate the prevalence of dental erosion in permanent teeth of children and adolescents. METHODS: An electronic search was performed up to and including March 2014. Eligibility criteria included population-based studies in permanent teeth of children and adolescents aged 8-19-year-old reporting the prevalence or data that allowed the calculation of prevalence rates of tooth erosion. Data collection assessed information regarding geographic location, type of index used for clinical examination, sample size, year of publication, age, examined teeth and tissue exposure. The estimated prevalence of erosive wear was determined, followed by a meta-regression analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two papers were included in the systematic review. The overall estimated prevalence of tooth erosion was 30.4% (95%IC 23.8-37.0). In the multivariate meta-regression model use of the Tooth Wear Index for clinical examination, studies with sample smaller than 1000 subjects and those conducted in the Middle East and Africa remained associated with higher dental erosion prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that the estimated prevalence of erosive wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents is 30.4% with high heterogeneity between studies. Additionally, the correct choice of a clinical index for dental erosion detection and the geographic location play an important role for the large variability of erosive tooth wear in permanent teeth of children and adolescents. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The prevalence of tooth erosion observed in permanent teeth of children and adolescents was considerable high. Our results demonstrated that prevalence rate of erosive wear was influenced by methodological and diagnosis factors. When tooth erosion is assessed, the clinical index should be considered.

Can viscosity of acid etchant influence the adhesion of fibre posts to root canal dentine?

AIM: To evaluate the influence of acid viscosity, endodontic sealer and root canal region on the push-out bond strength of a glass fibre post. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-eight single-rooted human teeth were selected (60 for push-out and 18 for scanning electron microscopy characterization, SEM, n = 13 per group). The root canals were prepared with a step-back technique and then filled with Endofill or AH Plus sealer. Teeth without root fillings were used as controls. The preparation of the post-space was to a length of 11 mm using standardized rotary instruments. The root dentine was treated with 37% phosphoric acid (gel or liquid). The fibre posts (Reforpost) were silanized, and resin cement (Enforce) was used for luting procedures. Each root was cross-sectioned, and samples from the cervical and apical regions were subjected to a push-out bond strength test. Specimens from each group were sectioned longitudinally and subjected to SEM characterization for the dentine/cement/post interface. Statistical analysis for push-out tests was carried out using factorial anova followed by Tukey's test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The three factors under evaluation (acid, endodontic sealer and region) and their interaction significantly influenced bond strength values (P < 0.05). In general, liquid phosphoric acid had significantly higher bond strength values in the apical region (P < 0.05), with hybrid layer formation, while endodontic sealers reduced bond strength values compared to the control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of a liquid acid etchant created higher bond strength values in the apical region.