ABSTRACT
La anemia por déficit de hierro puede ser habitual en diferentes patologías agudas y crónicas. La vía de primera elección para la reposición de hierro es la oral. Sin embargo, cuando esta vía resulta ineficaz, es mal tolerada o está contraindicada o, cuando hay que tratar una anemia grave o existe la necesidad de recuperación rápida de los niveles de hierro corporal, se recomienda la repleción de hierro por vía endovenosa. El hierro administrado por vía intravenosa permite una rápida y eficiente corrección de los niveles de hierro. Los preparados intravenosos actuales presentan el hierro asociado a moléculas de polisacáridos que facilitan su liberación lenta y controlada, biodisponible para su unión a las proteínas específicas de almacenaje o transportadoras. Gracias a ello, se reduce la toxicidad por hierro libre y se hace posible la administración de altas dosis en intervalos cortos de tiempo. La introducción de preparados que permiten la administración de hierro sin dosis techo, como el hierro isomaltósido, además de reponer eficazmente los niveles de hierro, incide significativamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, ya que reduce el número de visitas y desplazamientos a los centros sanitarios, disminuye el número de punciones preservando los accesos venosos, minimiza las interferencias en sus actividades cotidianas y mejora los recursos sanitarios (AU)
Iron deficiency anemia is common in different acute and chronic diseases. The current first line of therapy is oral iron supplementation. However, when this method is ineffective, poorly tolerated, contraindicated, when dealing with severe anemia or facing the need for rapid recovery of iron levels, it is recommended to replete iron intravenously. Administering intravenous iron allows for a fast and efficient correction of iron levels. Current injectable solutions contain iron in combination with polysaccharide molecules which facilitate slow and controlled iron release, making it bioavailable to bind with transport and storage proteins. As a result, toxicity is reduced allowing for high-dose administration in short time intervals. Administering high-dose solutions of intravenous iron, such as iron isomaltoside, apart from effectively replenishing iron levels, significantly improves patients quality of life, reduces the frequency of hospital or clinic visits and decreases punctures preserving the venous access, minimizes interference with daily activities and benefits health care resources (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/nursing , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/therapy , Administration, Intravenous/nursing , Anemia/nursing , Anemia/therapy , Intestinal Absorption , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/nursing , Heart Failure/nursing , Neoplasms/nursingABSTRACT
Se describe un catéter venoso central de una luz de inserción periférica con sistema tambor cuya introducción en el interior de la vena se realiza a través de una cánula plástica pelable mediante técnica braunula. La técnica braunula adquiere una especial importancia en determinadas situaciones de urgencia o emergencia, en donde la rapidez y asepsia con las que se realiza el procedimiento suponen una mejora adicional frente a otras técnicas de inserción. El catéter mantiene todas las ventajas, en cuanto a facilidad de colocación, que poseen los dispositivos dotados de tambor, y elimina las complicaciones que presentan otros catéteres de características similares en los que el paso del catéter a la circulación venosa se realizaba a través de una aguja. Estos catéteres posibilitan el acceso rápido, sencillo y seguro a la circulación central y reducen riesgos relacionados con el procedimiento, lo que mejora la seguridad del paciente (AU)
It described a one lumen central venous catheter peripherally inserted drum system whose insertion into the vein is performed through a plastic splittable cannula by braunula technique. The braunula technique is particularly important in certain urgent or emergency situations, where speed and aseptic conditions of which the procedure is performed represent a further improvement over other insertion techniques. The catheter mantains the advantages, in terms of easy placement, that all devices equipped with a drum system have but at the same time eliminates the complications presented by other similar catheters whose insertion to the venous circulation used to be performed through a needle. These catheters allow quick, simple and safe access to the central venous circulation and reduce risks associated with the procedure, improving patient safety (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Central Venous Catheters/trends , Central Venous Catheters , Catheterization, Central Venous/nursing , Patient Safety/standards , Catheterization, Peripheral/nursing , Venous Cutdown/nursing , Stents , Central Venous Catheters/economics , Parenteral NutritionABSTRACT
It described a one lumen central venous catheter peripherally inserted drum system whose insertion into the vein is performed through a plastic splittable cannula by braunula technique. The braunula technique is particularly important in certain urgent or emergency situations, where speed and aseptic conditions of which the procedure is performed represent a further improvement over other insertion techniques. The catheter mantains the advantages, in terms of easy placement, that all devices equipped with a drum system have but at the same time eliminates the complications presented by other similar catheters whose insertion to the venous circulation used to be performed through a needle. These catheters allow quick, simple and safe access to the central venous circulation and reduce risks associated with the procedure, improving patient safety.
Subject(s)
Catheterization, Central Venous/methods , Catheterization, Central Venous/instrumentation , Catheterization, Peripheral/instrumentation , Catheters , Equipment Design , HumansABSTRACT
We describe a new intravenous infusion (Intrafix SafeSet) with a number of improvements over conventional equipment designed to increase patient safety and simplify the work of nursing. Its design incorporates a special filter in the drip chamber that prevents air entry into the computer and into the bloodstream after exhaustion of fluid infusion. As a result, reduces the risk of air embolism, limiting the manipulations on the circuit and reduces the risk of contamination and infection. The presence of another filter at the distal part prevents fluid leakage during the priming process, enabling the automatic execution of it.
Subject(s)
Infusions, Intravenous/instrumentation , Infusions, Intravenous/standards , Safety , Equipment Design , HumansABSTRACT
Se describe un nuevo equipo de infusión endovenosa (Intrafix® SafeSet) con una serie de mejoras respecto a los convencionales, destinadas a aumentar la seguridad del paciente y a simplificar el trabajo de enfermería. Su diseño incorpora un filtro especial en la cámara de goteo que impide la entrada de aire en el equipo y en el torrente sanguíneo una vez agotado el líquido de infusión. Gracias a ello, disminuye el riesgo de embolismo aéreo, se limitan las manipulaciones sobre el circuito y se reduce el riesgo de contaminación e infección. La presencia de otro filtro en el extremo distal del equipo evita el goteo de líquido durante el proceso de cebado, posibilitando la ejecución automática del mismo(AU)
We describe a new intravenous infusion (Intrafix® SafeSet) with a number of improvements over conventional equipment designed to increase patient safety and simplify the work of nursing.Its design incorporates a special filter in the drip chamber that prevents air entry into the computer and into the bloodstream after exhaustion of fluid infusion. As a result, reduces the risk of air embolism, limiting the manipulations on the circuit and reduces the risk of contamination and infection. The presence of another filter at the distal part prevents fluid leakage during the priming process, enabling the automatic execution of it(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infusion Pumps , Infusion Pumps/trends , Infusions, Intravenous/nursing , Nurse's Role , Nursing Care/statistics & numerical data , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Pain has accompanied human beings since the moment this species appeared on Earth. From that moment on, and throughout his long history mankind has tried not only to look for the causes of pain but also to find remedies to relieve pain.
Subject(s)
Analgesia/history , Pain/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , HumansABSTRACT
El dolor ha acompañado al ser humano desde el mismo momento en que éste apareció sobre la tierra. Desde entonces, y a lo largo de toda su historia, el hombre ha tratado no sólo de buscar la razón del mismo, sino también de encontrar remedios para su alivio(AU)
Pain has accompanied human beings since the moment this species appeared on Earth. From that moment on, and throughout his long history, mankind has tried not only to look for the causes of pain but also to find remedies to relieve pain(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , History, Medieval , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Analgesia/history , Pain/history , Mandragora officinarum/therapeutic use , Mandragora , Cannabis , Cocaine/therapeutic use , History of Medicine , Anesthetics, Local/historyABSTRACT
Errors in the use of medicines are preventable incidents which may occur at any point in a chain beginning with prescription and continuing on through dispensation and administration of medicine; these errors have multi-factorial causes. Those which are potentially the most dangerous take place in hospital environment and some of them directly affect nursing personnel since they occur during the process when medicines are prepared and administered via an intravenous drip or injection. Pre-diluted medicines for intravenous use, known as "ready to use" preparations, help to reduce the amount of errors associated with the preparation and administration of medicines. These preparations guarantee the correct prescribed dose and eliminate errors related to an incorrectly labeled medicine. Moreover these ready to use medicines avoid a manipulation of the pharmaceutical product, limit the risk of particles being dragged, reduce nursing time employed in preparation of medicines substantially, and prevent accidental needle scratches during the preparation process.
Subject(s)
Guidelines as Topic , Medication Errors , Medication Systems, Hospital , Nurses , HumansABSTRACT
Los errores de medicación son incidentes prevenibles que pueden producirse en cualquier lugar de la cadena de prescripción, dispensación y administración de medicamentos y obedecen a causas multifactoriales. Potencialmente, los más graves tienen lugar en el ámbito hospitalario y algunos de ellos afectan directamente al personal de enfermería, ya que acontecen durante el proceso de preparación y administración de medicamentos por vía intravenosa. Los medicamentos prediluidos de uso intravenoso, conocidos como «listos para usar» ayudan a reducir la tasa de errores de medicación asociados a la preparación y administración de medicamentos. Estas preparaciones garantizan la correcta dosis prescrita y eliminan los fallos relacionados con el etiquetado incorrecto. Además, evitan la manipulación de fármaco, limitan el riesgo de arrastre de partículas, reducen sustancialmente el tiempo utilizado por Enfermería e impiden los pinchazos accidentales por aguja durante la preparación
Errors in the use of medicines are preventable incidents which may occur at any point in a chain beginning with prescription and continuing on through dispensation and administration of medicine; these errors have multi-factorial causes. Those which are potentially the most dangerous take place in hospital environment and some of them directly affect nursing personnel since they occur during the process when medicines are prepared and administered via an intravenous drip or injection. Pre-diluted medicines for intravenous use, known as «ready to use» preparations, help to reduce the amount of errors associated with the preparation and administration of medicines. These preparations guarantee the correct prescribed dose and eliminate errors related to an incorrectly labeled medicine. Moreover, these ready to use medicines avoid a manipulation of the pharmaceutical product, limit the risk of particles being dragged, reduce nursing time employed in preparation of medicines substantially, and prevent accidental needle scratches during the preparation process
Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Errors , Medication Systems, Hospital , Guidelines as Topic , NursesABSTRACT
Polyhexamethlene biguanide (PHMB) is an antibacterial agent included in the chlorhexidine group which is active against a wide number of microorganisms including Staphylococcus Aureus Methycilin Resistant (MRSA), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis (VRE) and Acinetobacter baumannii which all cause antibiotic-resistant infections. Traditionally gauze dressings have been used to cover and protect wounds although their porous structure does not constitute an efficient barrier against bacterial penetration, especially when a dressing becomes wet due to the effects of a wound oozing and draining. Recently the use of a dressing soaked in a 0.2% PHMB solution which works as a biological barrier against pathogenic agents has been introduced in clinical practice. On the one hand, this PHMB soaked dressing inhibits bacterial growth in the areas where it is applied and, on the other hand, it prevents the penetration of microorganisms through the dressing itself. Simultaneously while a PHMB soaked dressing carries out these actions, it creates an environment favorable to the proliferation of the normal flora found in the epidermis. As opposed to porous gauze dressings, a PHMB dressing remains active during 72 hours even in wet environs. Its wide anti-micro-bacterial range prevents infections in surgical, acute or chronic wounds and in any type of intra-corporal access susceptible to infection, such as by means of intravascular catheters, tracheotomies, or thoracic tubes. A PHMB dressing can also be used as a primary covering to treat a chronic wound since it does not interfere in the process of tissue reepithelization.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bandages , Biguanides/pharmacology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Biguanides/administration & dosage , Humans , Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Tras definir en qué consiste la terapia intravenosa. el autor efectúa un recorrido histórico para explicar sus orígenes e implantación. También se describen las principales indicaciones de uso
After defining what intravenous therapy consists on the author takes his readers through a historical summary about intravenous therapy in order to explain its origins and its applications. The author also describes the principal cases in which intravenous therapy use is warranted
Subject(s)
Humans , Catheterization/nursing , Infusions, Intravenous/nursing , SafetyABSTRACT
A burn is a tissue lesion which provokes different alterations that vary from topical erythema to total destruction of the structures affected. A burn always produces an alteration in the skin, a lesion in the corneal strata is sufficient to cause the skin to lose its capacity to act as a barrier. The objective the treatment for a burn has is to produce epithelization as soon as possible in order to prevent infection and to reduce functional and esthetic aftereffects. Infection is the main cause of death due to burns due to the growth of endogenous flora or due to external contamination. The use of topical chemotherapy is fundamental to prevent infections when there are deep and superficial burns or extensive intermediary burns. Centella asiatica extract has proven to be efficient in helping, maintaining and regularizing cicatrisation of skin affected by burns. Its usage combined with an antibiotic agent such as neomycin covers the bacterial spectrum for gram-positive or -negative microorganisms, guaranteeing an anti-infectious efficiency for this extract.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Burns/drug therapy , Centella , Neomycin/administration & dosage , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Administration, Topical , Drug Combinations , HumansABSTRACT
Una quemadura es una lesión que provoca alteraciones en la piel que varían desde el eritema local hasta la destrucción total de la misma. Independien-temente de su magnitud es suficiente la lesión del estrato córneo para que la piel pierda su capacidad como barrera protectora. Por esta razón, un aspecto muy importante del tratamiento de las quemaduras pasa por conseguir la rápida reepitelización de los tejidos destruidos y evitar la infección. La Blastoestimulina® es un producto farmacéutico que asocia una sustancia reepitelizante, la Centella asiática, con un agente antibiótico, la neomicina. El extracto de Centella asiática se ha demostrado eficaz en la inducción, mantenimiento y regularización de la lesión, en tanto que la neomicina es un antibiótico que cubre perfectamente el espectro bacteriano frente a microorganismos grampositivos y negativos. Ofrece excelentes resultados en el tratamiento de las quemaduras ya que favorece la cicatrización de la herida, reduce la inflamación y previene su contaminación
A burn is a tissue lesion which provokes different alterations that vary from topical erythema to total destruction of the structures affected. A burn always produces an alteration in the skin, a lesion in the corneal strata is sufficient to cause the skin to lose its capacity to act as a barrier. The objective the treatment for a burn has i to produce epithelization as soon as possible in order to prevent infection and to reduce functional and esthetic aftereffects. Infection is the main cause of death due to burns due to the growth of endogenous flora or due to external contamination. The use of topical chemotherapy is fundamental to prevent infections when there are deep and superficial burns or extensive intermediary burns. Centella asiatica extract has proven to be efficient in helping, maintaining and regularizing cicatrisation of skin affected by burns. Its usage combined with an antibiotic agent such as neomycin covers the bacterial spectrum for grampositive or -negative microorganisms, guaranteeing an anti-infectious efficiency for this extract
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Burns/drug therapy , Centella , Neomycin/administration & dosage , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Administration, Topical , Drug CombinationsABSTRACT
Asian yellow-flower crowfoot is a plant which has been used for therapeutic purposes for more than 3000 years. Its main active ingredients are asiaticóside and madecasóside which give it a cicatrizing action as well as being a tonic for the blood. At present time, Asian yellow-flower crowfoot extract is indicated to treat ulcers, sores, scabs, and some types of burns. It is also used as a secondary helping agent to treat surgical wounds and to help skin grafts take root. Its use in the form of vaginal ovules make it be an appropriate treatment for some vaginal diseases. This extract is currently found in diverse medical preparations under the trade name "Blastoestimulina". Numerous studies are underway in the scientific field with the objective of discovering new therapeutic uses for this plant.
Subject(s)
Burns/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Pressure Ulcer/drug therapy , Ranunculus , Skin/injuries , Humans , Wounds and Injuries/drug therapyABSTRACT
La traqueostomía percutánea por dilatación es una técnica de acceso traqueal cuyo uso se ha generalizado en las unidades de críticos, porque respecto a la traqueostomía convencional reporta mayores ventajas, tanto para el paciente como para el personal de enfermería. Así mismo, presenta menor número de complicaciones. En el presente artículo se describe un protocolo de enfermería sobre el procedimiento y se detallan los cuidados y vigilancia que requieren los pacientes sometidos a este tipo de intervención (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Tracheostomy/methods , Nursing Assessment/methods , Nursing Care/methods , Tracheostomy/instrumentation , TracheostomyABSTRACT
La clorhexidina es un antiséptico de amplio espectro muy utilizado en la práctica clínica. De acción rápida, su efecto se mantiene durante unas seis horas. No se absorbe ni por piel ni por mucosas, por lo que su toxicidad sistémica es mínima. Mantiene su actividad en contacto con materia orgánica y, por ser transparente, no enmascara la evolución de las heridas. En el presente artículo, se revisan las propiedades e indicaciones de este antiséptico y se comentan algunos estudios con indicaciones menos conocidas (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Chlorhexidine/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Disinfection/methods , Nursing Care/methodsABSTRACT
Los antisépticos son productos químicos que se aplican sobre tejidos vivos con el objetivo de eliminar microorganismos potencialmente patógenos o inhibir su crecimiento. La selección del antiséptico debe realizarse en función de las propiedades e indicaciones del producto. Se describen los principales antisépticos utilizados en la práctica clínica, prestando atención a su espectro de actividad, indicaciones y toxicidad (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Disinfection/methods , Alcohols/pharmacokinetics , Oxidants/pharmacokinetics , Povidone-Iodine/pharmacokinetics , Phenols/pharmacokinetics , Silver Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Gentian Violet/pharmacokinetics , Biguanides/pharmacokinetics , Chloramines/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
En los últimos años, la terapia con traqueostomía ha experimentado un considerable impulso debido a la implantación de nuevos procedimientos de abordaje traqueal y al desarrollo de cánulas de nueva generación. La traqueostomía percutánea se ha consolidado como la técnica de elección en pacientes críticos por ser un procedimiento sencillo, poco cruento y porque puede realizarse en la misma cama del paciente. La traqueostomía translaríngea es una novedosa técnica que se realiza desde el interior de la tráquea; dada su complejidad todavía es poco utilizada, aunque puede ser un procedimiento alternativo frente a ciertas contraindicaciones de la técnica percutánea. Paralelamente al desarrollo de estas técnicas se han introducido modificaciones sustanciales en el diseño de las cánulas para mejorar el confort del paciente, reducir las complicaciones y facilitar el trabajo de enfermería (AU)
