ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the diversities and abundances of bacterial taxa in the microbiome of patients with HLA B27-positive acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in the active and inactive phases. METHODS: An observational descriptive prospective and comparative study was conducted in ten HLA-B27-positive AAU patients (44.6 ± 13.4 years). The microbiome of the stool samples obtained in the active and inactive stages was analyzed by sequencing the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS: The differences in the bacteria profile between active and inactive stages in each individual were confirmed (p < 0.0001). Ten OTUs were found exclusively in the active phase of 90% of the individuals, suggesting a proinflammatory association. Blautia OUT_4 and Faecalibacterium OUT_2 abundances showed a direct relationship between abundance and severity of ocular inflammation. Two OTUs were exclusive of the inactive stage, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role. CONCLUSION: The metagenomic profile of the fecal microbiota differs in the acute phase of the AAU compared to when the inflammation subsides, despite being the same individual and a short time-lapse. AAU is a fertile field for studying the connection between subtle rapid changes in microbiota and their systemic consequences.
ABSTRACT
This study assessed the intestinal microbiota of juveniles of the White shrimp Litopenaus vannamei, whose feed was enriched with three probiotic formulations: Streptomyces sp. RL8 (RL8); a mix of Lactobacillus graminis and Streptomyces spp. RL8 and N7 (Lac-Strep); and a mix of Bacillus spp. and Streptomyces spp. RL8 and N7 (Bac-Strep). The analysis was performed by sequencing the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene of treated animals and the control group before and after Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. After challenge, the highest Shannon diversity indexes corresponded to RL8 and Bac-Strep (3.94 ± 0.11 and 3.39 ± 0.3, respectively) and the lowest to the control group (2.58 ± 0.26). The most abundant phyla before and after challenge were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The principal component analysis and Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP) showed that the gut microbiota of the groups RL8 and Bac-Strep after challenge was different from the other experimental groups, which was characterized by a higher bacterial diversity, as well as a significant stimulation of the Bacteriovorax population and other antimicrobial producing genera that protected shrimp from infection.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Penaeidae/microbiology , Streptomyces , Animals , Biodiversity , Microbial Interactions , Probiotics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Vibrio parahaemolyticusABSTRACT
RESUMEN Objetivo. Estudiar el efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia y microbiota del tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) de almeja Catarina Argopecten ventricosus. Materiales y Métodos. Se aplicaron cinco tratamientos homeopáticos derivados de bacterias [(T1) ViP-ViA 1D, (T2) ViP-ViA 7C], minerales [(T3) AcF-MsS 1D, (T4) PhA-SiT 7C], o venenos [(T5) ViT 31C] y tres controles: (C1) etanol diluido 1:99, (C2) etanol dinamizado 1C y (C3) agua destilada. La microbiota se determinó secuenciando la región V3-V5 del gen 16S rRNA. Resultados. El mayor crecimiento en longitud de la concha correspondió a T1 (117 µm d-1) y T2 (108 µm d-1), la mayor supervivencia a T3 y T5 y el mejor resultado global a T3. Las curvas de rarefacción de los grupos tratados y controles mostraron una clara separación. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) entre filos (Proteobacteria > Actinobacteria > Firmicutes > Bacterloidetes> Chloroflexi y para los Géneros: Symbiobacterium > Microbacterium > Methylobacillus > Bacillus > Paenibacillus > Burkholderia > Nostoc > Methylobacterium > Leucobacter). El género Symbiobacterium fue dominante (p≤0.05) para T5, respecto a todos los tratamientos y grupos controles. La especie Microbacterium maritypicum (Actinobacteria) mostró la mayor abundancia relativa (p≤0.05) en T1 y T3 y Symbiobacterium toebii (Firmicutes) en T5 y T2 (p≤0.05), ambas con respecto al inicio del estudio T0. Conclusiones. Se presenta por primera vez la composición de la microbiota del TGI de A. ventricosus y la aplicabilidad potencial de la homeopatía para mejorar el rendimiento productivo y modular la microbiota gastrointestinal de la especie.
ABSTRACT Objective. To study the effect of homeopathic medicines on growth, survival and gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiota of Catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus. Materials and methods. Five homeopathic (HOM) treatments derived from bacteria [(T1) ViP-ViA 1D, (T2) ViP-ViA 7C], minerals [(T3) AcF-MsS 1D, (T4) PhA-SiT 7C] or venoms [T5) ViT 31C] and three controls: [(C1) diluted ethanol 1:99, (C2) diluted/succussed ethanol 1C and (C3) distilled water] were evaluated (21 days) in triplicate. Microbiota was analysed by sequencing the V3-V5 region of the 16S rRNA genes. Results. The best growth in shell-length corresponded to T1 (117 µm d-1) and T2 (108 µm d-1) and the highest survival to T3 and T5, stating T3 as the best HOM-treatment. A clear separation was found in rarefaction curves of HOM-treated against un-treated control scallops. Significant differences (p≤0.05) were found for Phyla (Proteobacteria> Actinobacteria> Firmicutes> Bacterloidetes>Chloroflexi and for Genera: Symbiobacterium> Microbacterium> Methylobacillus> Bacillus> Paenibacillus> Burkholderia> Nostoc> Methylobacterium> Leucobacter). The genus Symbiobacterium was dominant in T5, finding significant differences (p≤0.05) with respect to all treatments. At species level, Microbacterium maritypicum (Actinobacteria) showed a greater relative abundance (p≤0.05) in T1 and T3 and Symbiobacterium toebii (Firmicutes) was also significantly higher (p≤0.05) in abundance in T5 and T2, both against initial T0. Conclusions. This study showed for a first time, the composition of GIT microbiota in A. ventricosus and focused on the potential applicability of homeopathy to improve overall performance and modulate the GIT microbiota of the species.
