Higher Education Leaders' Framing of Organizational Decisions During COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, academic leaders were pressed to respond to the growing health crisis. The rapid response and decision-making necessitated heightened vigilance, emotional intelligence, and attention to institutional turbulence. To understand the pattern of planning and action from academic leaders in response to the global health crisis, we conducted a study to explore the framing of decisions among academic deans during COVID-19. In this qualitative study, 10 participants were interviewed via Zoom using 10 questions designed to gather data related to both a leadership framing theory and management styles in the time of crisis. Qualitative data analysis identified common themes which aligned with Bolman and Deal's leadership frames of structural, human relations, symbolic, and political domains.

Emergence of speech sounds between 7 and 24 months of cochlear implant use.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the process of speech development in five 42-month-old children with profound deafness who received cochlear implants (CIs) between 19 and 36 months of age and five normal hearing (NH) age mates. METHODS: Conversational samples were collected and transcribed. Sounds produced correctly within meaningful words (target sounds) and recognizable sounds produced in spontaneous productions (target-less sounds) were analyzed for all 10 children. RESULTS: Revealed that there was overlap in the total number of vowels and consonants produced by the two groups. The differences between the two groups were more evident in the target condition, whereas the two groups were more similar in the target-less condition. DISCUSSION: The similarities documented in the target-less repertoire of CI and NH children underscore the importance of examining the emerging sound system to predict the end-point sound system in children with CIs. Using target and target-less speech sound comparisons offers a supplementary view of the emergent process of speech sound development and is a valid method of analysis. Results suggest that early implantation may help some children with profound deafness develop speech sounds in a manner similar to NH age mates.