[Endothelial dysfunction in severe forms of acute renal failure. New approaches to pathogenetic therapy].

AIM: To study endothelial function in different variants of acute renal failure (ARF) at various stages of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study of 36 patients with severe ARF at the stages of oliguria and recovery of diuresis included a clinico-laboratory analysis of characteristics of ARF of various etiology and follow-up of plasmic concentrations of endothelin-1, thromboxan A2 and prostacyclin in different ARF variants at different ARF stages. RESULTS: The oliguric phase of severe ARF ran with significant elevation of the level of vasoconstrictive endothelial hormones (endothelin-1 and thromboxan A2 and a fall of a vasodilator prostacyclin. Recovery of diuresis normalized the above parameters. CONCLUSION: Mechanisms of ARF development involve endothelial dysfunction manifesting with alteration of vasoactive hormones synthesis with a dominant rise of a vasoconstrictive hormones concentration.

[Mast cells of the mammary gland and of the regional lymph node in rats with breast cancer induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea].

Using the methods of light and electron microscopy, morphometric and functional characteristics of mast cell (MC) populations were studied in the mammary gland (MG) and regional lymph node (RLN) at different stages of breast cancer (BC) induced in 120 outbred female albino rats with the body mass of 120-150 g. BC was induced by subcutaneous injections of chemical cancerogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. MC numbers and activity in MG and RLN were found to increase at all stages of BC formation studied (64-180 days of cancerogen exposure). Gradual increase in MC degranulation rate and degree, MC disintegration closer to the center of the tumor, together with the appearance in the peritumorous tissues, in the tumor itself, and in RLN of numerous small, immature MC, by their morphometric parameters identical to the intestinal mucosal MC, may presumably indicate the decompensation phenomena in the system and of the approaching of process terminal stage.

Role of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumor invasion and metastasis.

The role of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)--such as gelatinases, stromelysins, matrilysin, collagenase-3, and membrane-bound MMP (MB-MMP)--in tumor invasion and metastasis is discussed. Data suggesting significance for malignant growth of the expression level of these enzymes and also of their activators and inhibitors are presented. It is concluded that at different stages of tumor progression the activity of different MMPs is displayed, which is regulated by various growth factors and oncogenes. Different malignancies are characterized by changes in activities of specific MMPs. Data are presented which show significance of the ratio between the MMP activity and that of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in tumor invasion and metastasis, especially in connection with a dual role of TIMP as both MMP inhibitors and activators.

[Chrono-ecological analysis of population health and ways of its recreation]. / Khronoékologicheskii analiz sostoianiia zdorov'ia naseleniia i sposoby ego rekreatsii.

Reported are results of multiyear observation of the structure of individual and population health in Vladikavkaz, and the authors' concept of health recovery and protection through application of modern high technologies of active chronoadaptation to extreme living conditions. The proposed methods of active chronoadapation, i.e. phytocorrection and phytopro-phylaxis, reflexocorrection, bioradiological correction, bioresonance chronolasercorrection can be also of interest for aerospace medicine.

[The tissue basophils of the rat mesentery under the influence of a permanent magnetic field]. / Sostoianie tkanevykh bazofilov bryzheiki krys pod vliianiem postoiannogo magnitnogo polia.

Effect of constant magnetic fields (CMF) of low energies (B = 35 mT, E = 350 Oe) on the system of mesenterial mast cells (MT) was studied by methods of light and electron microscopy in 140 outbred albino rats of both sexes for 1 day. The results obtained indicate active reaction of mesenterial MC on the CMF effect. Their activity is cyclical. High lability of the cellular system was demonstrated. Sexual peculiarities of the reactivity on different stages of CMF action also exist. Mesenterial MC reaction forms the complex of reactions of nonspecific adaptation to light irritants. Mesenterial MC response occurs stagely: orientation, training and relative training. The latter provides change of the tissue homeostasis on a qualitatively new level. Increase of passive and active resistance occurs simultaneously in training phase. This confirms the possibility of use of the CMF of low energies in complex of therapeutic treatment.

[Clinical and morphological correlational analysis of different forms of myocardial infarct]. / Korreliatsionnyi kliniko-morfologicheskii analiz razlichnykh form infarkta miokarda

On the basis of a mathematical analysis carried out by a "Minsk--220" computer, the correlation between the most essential morphological changes in the coronary arteries, the peculiarities of myocardial infarction, history and its clinical manifestations were studied in 320 myocardial infarction cases (148 males and 172 females over 50 years of age) with the distinction of 276 clinical and morphological signs. The numerical assessment of the conjugation indices of the morphological changes and the clinical-laboratory data permitted to evaluate the role of each of the examined factors in the genesis of primary and secondary myocardial infarctions, their spreading in the heart muscle, and their clinical manifestations. It has been demostrated that similar changes in the coronary arteries that create a background for a relative circulatory insufficiency are realized in different forms of myocardial infarction. Relative coronary insufficiency varies widely and becomes the leading cause of myocardial ischaemia. The effect of other factors is interpreted as modifying, and some of them--as triggering. The presented correlations analysis proves the rationale of assessing each case of myocardial infarction in terms of the probability theory of patho- and morphogenesis of ischaemic heart disease.

[Microspectrophotometric study of oxidative enzyme activity in experimental myocardial ischemia]. / Mikrospektrofotmetricheskoe issledovanie aktivnosti okislitel'nykh fermentev pri éksperimental'noi ishemii miokarda

The method of comparitive microspectrophotometry was used to study the changes in the activity of oxidative enzymes in the zone of ischaemia and the juxtaischaemic region of the cardiac muscle in rabbit experiments (104 animals, including 10 controls). A certain periodicity was noted in the changes of the activity of oxidative enzymes in separate zones of the ischaemic myocardium during different periods of the infarction development and healing. The terms of maximum reduction of the enzymatic activity falling within the 4th-6th and 24th hours and 2nd day should be taken into account while developing the methods of metabolic protection and enzyme therapy of the ischaemic myocardium.

[Microspectrophotometric study of DNA concentration in the nuclei of muscle cells in the peri-infarct zone of the rabbit heart]. / Mikrospektrofotometricheskoe issledovanie soderzhaniia DNK v iadrakh myshechnykh kletok okolinfarktnoi zony serdtsa krolika

A comparative microspectrophotometric study of the nuclear DNA content in the myocardial cells of the periinfarction region of the left ventricle was made in rabbit hearts during different periods of experimental ischemia. A moderate increase of both the polyploid and amitotically divided nuclei were revealed. This results are discussed from the aspect of possible participation of nuclear polyploidia and mitotic division in the mechanisms of intracellular regeneration of the myocardium.