Subject(s)
BNT162 Vaccine , COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Immunization, Secondary , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , BNT162 Vaccine/administration & dosage , COVID-19/virology , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Adult , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: We carried out a study to estimate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of homologous vaccination schedules against COVID-19, using data from mandatory information systems from Bogota, Colombia. METHODS: A test-negative case-control study in adults from Bogota (Colombia), between March 1st of 2021 and February 25th of 2022. We assess VE among symptomatic COVID-19 cases during the Mul, Delta, and Omicron predominance periods in Bogota, with controls matched by sex, age (±5 years), and date of testing (±7 days), using a case:control ratio of 1:1. We selected homologous vaccination schedules with ChAdOx1, CoronaVac, BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and Ad26.COV2.S. VE was reported as one minus the odds ratio in adjusted conditional logistic regressions, with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 52,913 cases were matched to controls, 16,722 for Mu, 14,094 for Delta, and 22,097 for Omicron. VE was high against COVID-19 during Mu weeks with full vaccination using the monovalent BNT162b2 (VE: 69; 95% CI, 65 to 72) vaccine and ChAdOx1 (VE: 64; 95% CI, 31 to 81) and significantly lower with CoronaVac (P < 0.001) and Ad26.COV2.S (P = 0.005). During Delta, VE against COVID-19 was higher with BNT162b2 (VE: 55; 95% CI, 51 to 58). The VE for COVID-19 cases during Omicron was higher with a booster dose of monovalent BNT162b2 (VE: 45; 95% CI, 34 to 54). The VE of primary series and booster for ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S, and CoronaVac did not show protection for Omicron. CONCLUSION: Our study provides further evidence on the protective effect of mRNA vaccines for Omicron, and warrant that the duration of protection against symptomatic infection may last for only a few months.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Adult , Humans , 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 , BNT162 Vaccine , Ad26COVS1 , Case-Control Studies , COVID-19/prevention & controlABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Functional capacity is a prognostic factor for coronary patients; accordingly, they are recommended to walk. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an exercise program supervised in primary care increases their functional capacity more than unsupervised walking. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was carried out at eight primary care centres of the Spanish Health Service and involving 97 incident cases of low-risk acute coronary patients, <80 years old, randomly assigned to either an unsupervised walking program (UW group; n = 51) or a 6-month cycle ergometer exercise program with gradually increasing frequency and workload intensity supervised by primary care nurses (SE group; n = 46). The two groups received the same common components of secondary prevention care. Changes in functional capacity were assessed in terms of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) during exercise testing measured at baseline and at 7 months by cardiologists blinded to group assignment. RESULTS: Overall, 76% of participants completed the study, 30 in the SE and 44 in the UW. Both groups increased baseline-adjusted VO2peak: 5.56ml/kg per minute in the SE (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.38-7.74) and 1.64ml/kg per minute in the UW (95% CI -0.15 to 3.45). The multivariate-adjusted difference between groups was 4.30ml/kg per minute (95% CI 1.82-6.79; P = 0.001) when analyzing completers and 2.83ml/kg per minute (95% CI 0.61-5.05; P = 0.01) in the intention-to-treat analysis, including all participants with baseline values carried forward for those lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A cycle ergometer exercise program supervised by primary care nurses increased the functional capacity of coronary patients more than unsupervised walking with a clinically relevant difference.
Subject(s)
Angina, Stable/rehabilitation , Coronary Disease/rehabilitation , Exercise Therapy/methods , Myocardial Infarction/rehabilitation , Myocardial Revascularization/rehabilitation , Oxygen Consumption , Primary Health Care/methods , Walking , Adult , Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary/rehabilitation , Coronary Angiography , Coronary Artery Bypass/rehabilitation , Coronary Disease/diagnostic imaging , Exercise Test , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Con el objetivo de conocer la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial en el "Caliche de Cristo Rey", Santo Domingo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el período de Abril-Junio 1991. Nuestro Universo estuvo constituido por una población mayores de 15 años, determinamos que 86 casos (19.1//) eran hipertensos y 200 casos (45.0//) tenían hábitos tóxicos como cigarrillos, té, café, y alcohol. La mayor prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue pacientes en edad comprendida entre 65 año o más (31.7//). En cuanto al sexo se determinó que el más frecuente fue el femenino con un 62.8//y en el masculino sólo un 70.0//tenía un nivel primario. El 90//de los pacientes encontrados con hipertensión arterial no reciben tratamiento. Hipertensión arterial, prevalencia, cardiología