Portfolio risk and return between energy and non-energy stocks.

This paper aims to examine the potential for portfolio returns by adding together conventional and energy stocks with varying proportions. We examine the risk and return characteristics of a portfolio comprising energy and non-energy stocks from twenty countries. The period for daily data ranges from 2nd July 1999 to 2nd July 2021. We use multiscale Sharpe and VaR ratios to examine the risk and returns behaviour of a portfolio with varying composition between energy and non-energy stocks across different investment periods. Our results highlight optimal returns for the equally weighted portfolio during normal and crisis periods except COVID-19 during which more proportion of conventional stocks is preferred. Risk estimates advocate an equally weighted portfolio for all periods however risk varies with the holding period. These results carry useful investment implications during short- and long-run holdings of conventional and energy stocks in a portfolio.

Impact of institutional quality on sustainable development: Evidence from developing countries.

Efficient environmental resource management is a serious concern for sustainable development in developing countries. This study determines the impact of institutional quality on sustainable development, based on total factor productivity improvements through the environmental regulatory process by way of abatement policies using an augmented endogenous sustainable growth model. Based on panel data covering 66 developing countries from 1984 to 2019, the employed methods involve the fixed effects and the system generalized method of moments (GMM). The main results indicate that institutional quality has a positive impact on sustainable development. Institutional quality has a more positive role in sustainable development in lower middle-income countries than low-income countries. The overall results indicate that the disaggregated performance of institutional quality variables is higher in lower middle-income countries than low-income countries. Two main policy implications are implied by our analyses: legislative backing in the form of institutional enforcement is mandatory to design efficient and productive policy relevant to environmental resource management; and various institutional forms should be considered when designing environmental resource protection policy from an environmental governance point of view.

Untying the Influence of Advertisements on Consumers Buying Behavior and Brand Loyalty Through Brand Awareness: The Moderating Role of Perceived Quality.

Consumer buying behavior is an important aspect in every marketing strategy to produce maximum output from the market. This study aims to determine how advertisement affects consumer buying behavior and brand loyalty by considering a mediator between brand awareness and the moderating role of perceived quality. For this purpose, this study targets the rising cosmetics industry. This study used the purposive sampling technique to collect data from 300 respondents with the help of an online survey method via Google doc. The partial least squares structural equation modeling PLS-SEM was applied to verify the hypotheses relationships. The findings have confirmed that advertisements substantially predicted brand awareness, brand loyalty, and consumer buying behavior. Furthermore, brand awareness partially mediated the association of advertisement with brand loyalty and consumer buying behavior. Also, perceived quality is significantly moderated on the association of brand awareness with brand loyalty and consumer buying behavior. Based on such findings, this study has contributed to the literature and provided new insights into the practical implications alongside the future roadmap of the survey.